{"id":9848,"date":"2019-06-09T18:51:47","date_gmt":"2019-06-09T11:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=9848"},"modified":"2019-06-09T22:23:36","modified_gmt":"2019-06-09T15:23:36","slug":"chong-lu-thoi-hien-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=9848","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110ang vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch ch\u00fa th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay qu\u00e1 \u0111em gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u01a1i. :3<\/p>\n

[1] Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Bridging theoretical gaps in geoarchaeology: archaeology, geoarchaeology, and history in the Yellow River valley, China c\u1ee7a \u00a0Tristram R. Kidder v\u00e0 Haiwang Liu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington, ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m khi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. \u201cH\u1ecd x\u00e2y \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng cao, d\u00f2ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m\u201d.<\/p>\n

[1] Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Physiography of Flowing Water trong cu\u1ed1n \u00a0Freshwater Ecology (Second Edition), 2010 c\u1ee7a Walter K. Dodds, Matt R. Whiles, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do l\u0169 l\u1ee5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng Mississpisi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn 140% trong v\u00f2ng 90 n\u0103m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u (Hey and Philippi, 1995).<\/p>\n

[1] Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Sustainable Land Use Planning in Areas Exposed to Flooding: Some International Experiences c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n Floods Volume 2- Risk Management, Anna Ribas Palom \u2013 David Saur\u00ed Pujol - Jorge Olcina Cantos, \u201cS\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng l\u0169 l\u1ee5t t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cao h\u01a1n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n l\u1ee5t tai h\u1ecda x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 cao x\u1ea3y ra trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y\u201d. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Paris, Lyon, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Lisbon, Zaragoza ho\u1eb7c Barcelona\u2026, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u0169 l\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian cho d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua b\u1eb1ng Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 cho ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb b\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2000, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m 2001, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t n\u0103m 2007, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n v\u0103n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch: https:\/\/books.google.com.vn\/<\/a><\/p>\n

---<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c quan nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Giai \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o g\u1ea7n 200 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc - v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec vua quan tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0m 200 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ecf \u0111\u00ea, m\u1edf s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0o s\u00f4ng cho t\u1edbi t\u00ecm c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t... Cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 th\u00ec ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c case c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan, M\u1ef9, T\u00e2y Ban Nha s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng: \"Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\", \"\u0110\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m d\u00f2ng l\u0169 b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i d\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n\", \"l\u0169 l\u1ee5t hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t\", \"b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb l\u0169 l\u1ee5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\"... V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf 30.000 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nguy hi\u1ec3m, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ee9c \u00e9p gia t\u0103ng.\"<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00ea c\u00e0ng cao n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh s\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng nguy hi\u1ec3m\" l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ecdi ng\u00e2m c\u1ee9u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng 1 gi\u1ecdng. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i 200 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. TT^TT \u0110\u00e2y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy.<\/p>\n

(\u1edc m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m m\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi-hi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u. Gi\u1edd n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam nghe ch\u00e1n c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00e0ng m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00f2ng r\u00f2ng, nh\u00e0 tui n\u00f3i l\u00e2u l\u1eafm r\u00f9i \u00f3ooooooo. L\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e0 tui cho 1 case nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf 30.000 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1930s, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u0169 l\u1ee5t \u1edf M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng l\u0169. Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 l\u1ee5t bao tr\u00f9m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i trong khi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng l\u0169 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng l\u0169 c\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1eb7t ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng sau l\u0169 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u00fang do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ho\u1eb7c qua kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1927, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Mississipi g\u00e2y l\u1ee5t 10 bang v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4la, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt L\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m sau nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t l\u0169 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean bang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00e0ng cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950s, 1 nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd d\u00f2ng l\u0169\", b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng l\u0169 l\u1ee5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1993, s\u00f4ng Mississpisi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u01a1n l\u0169 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft 130 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i 20 t\u1ec9 USD. N\u0103m 2005 l\u0169 Katrina g\u00e2y h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam Louisiana, 1300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i 100 t\u1ec9 USD. 2 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng l\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169, nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai trong v\u00f9ng l\u0169.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. 4 l\u00fd do cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i g\u00e2y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, t\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u. Hai l\u00e0, d\u00f9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u0169, nh\u00e0 n\u1ee9\u01a1c li\u00ean bang s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990s. C\u00f3 2 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n l\u1ee5n v\u1ee5n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t t\u1eeb li\u00ean bang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n xu\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi. Th\u1ee9 ba, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u0103ng cao nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u0169 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t huy.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i (h\u01a1n 30.000 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994) \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i 1 ph\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n do c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110ang vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch ch\u00fa th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay qu\u00e1 \u0111em gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u01a1i. :3 [1] Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Bridging theoretical gaps in geoarchaeology: archaeology, geoarchaeology, and history in the Yellow River valley, China c\u1ee7a \u00a0Tristram R. Kidder v\u00e0 Haiwang Liu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington, ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m khi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. \u201cH\u1ecd x\u00e2y \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng cao, d\u00f2ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m\u201d. [1] Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Physiography of Flowing Water trong cu\u1ed1n \u00a0Freshwater Ecology (Second Edition), 2010 c\u1ee7a Walter K. Dodds, Matt R. Whiles, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do l\u0169 l\u1ee5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng Mississpisi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn 140% trong v\u00f2ng 90 n\u0103m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u (Hey and Philippi, 1995). [1] Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Sustainable Land Use Planning in Areas Exposed to Flooding: Some International Experiences c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n Floods Volume 2- Risk Management, Anna Ribas Palom \u2013 David Saur\u00ed Pujol – Jorge Olcina Cantos, \u201cS\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng l\u0169 l\u1ee5t t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lich-su-news","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9848"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9848\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}