B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18. B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Qui Nh\u01a1n th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c vua Ch\u0103mpa. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb chinh ph\u1ee5c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1611, khi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng chinh ph\u1ee5c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e8o C\u1ea3, m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c binh \u0111o\u00e0n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Nam v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1690, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trung t\u00e2m Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf s\u00e2u trong ph\u00eda Nam.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn thung l\u0169ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng, b\u0103ng qua An Kh\u00ea, Pl\u00e2y Ku,v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng \u1edf Stung Treng \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Campuchia, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecfa ra t\u1eeb Ayudhaya\/ Bangkok. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, n\u1ed1i B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam. C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u1edf Ayudhaya\/ Bangkok v\u00e0 Qui Nh\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qui Nh\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y qua n\u00fai, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda xa. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bu\u1ed5i kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n (T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa Qui Nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 An Kh\u00ea) nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1770, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Qui Nh\u01a1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ea3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf\u201d t\u1ea1i Qui Nh\u01a1n. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1780, tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa Nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 em trai Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Qui Nh\u01a1n. V\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Qui Nh\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1m \u1ea3nh tranh gi\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay ch\u1ee7, v\u00e2y h\u00e3m, bao v\u00e2y l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m; c\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00ec Qui Nh\u01a1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tranh gi\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi Bangkok.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ea3n sinh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u trung t\u00e2m trong ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng cao, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n Trung Hoa, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n chinh Nam ph\u1ea1t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y 30 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t sinh s\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn khu v\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y sang l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u1ebft gi\u00fap c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 thua tr\u1eadn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 xem th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd giao tranh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, thi\u00ean t\u00e0i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gan d\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? T\u1eeb Nam B\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng, v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Khmer l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft giao v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n; \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Gi\u1eefa Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8o C\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean ph\u00eda Nam Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ven bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa \u1edf ngay ph\u00eda Nam B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 350 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecf hoang (c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, Ninh Thu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, hay c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nha Trang, Phan Rang v\u00e0 Phan Thi\u1ebft). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea1m vi d\u00e0nh cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf; s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n qua \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 di d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Nam B\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 ph\u00f9 sa c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng, s\u00e1u t\u1ec9nh Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Khmer v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m di d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Khi B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u1ed5 ra chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1770, Nam B\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a phe h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1eebng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0110\u00e0ng Trong trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a phe nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i chinh ph\u1ee5c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t sinh s\u1ed1ng, l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u00ecn h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m\u201d (heartland). D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u201ctrung t\u00e2m\u201d Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Thay v\u00ec xem Nam B\u1ed9 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y trung t\u00e2m, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n xem Nam B\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u1eefa trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh tranh \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi ba nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sau: \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Nam B\u1ed9, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng t\u1eeb cao nguy\u00ean trung ph\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc ra bi\u1ec3n \u1edf t\u00e2y b\u1eafc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt n\u00e0o. N\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed1c c\u1eafm tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i k\u00eanh V\u0129nh T\u1ebf, x\u00e2y h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, d\u1ec5 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qua khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Campuchia ra bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 mong ch\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay v\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Nam B\u1ed9 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u1eefa cho t\u00ednh m\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer, Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau. Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, trung th\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd hay nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. So v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n. Nam B\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p ven bi\u1ec3n 350 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i, \u00edt d\u00e2n c\u01b0. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Nam B\u1ed9 t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 giao d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady. Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Nam B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201c\u00edt ch\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01a1n\u201d, d\u00f9 ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cch\u00e2n th\u1eadt\u201d h\u01a1n c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i sai qu\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nam B\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c tranh d\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u vong tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i; n\u00f3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1ed9. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1780 v\u00e0o l\u00fac, sau khi ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Vua Xi\u00eam, \u00f4ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u00ecnh \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi. 20 n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh th\u1eafng th\u1ebf nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi. T\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m, Trung Hoa, Xi\u00eam, L\u00e0o, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, M\u00e3 Lai v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, l\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1o binh, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c trong chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 Bangkok, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh \u0111ua. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Bangkok, Rama I, \u0111\u00e3 chinh chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Campuchia, v\u00e0 binh \u0111o\u00e0n n\u0103m 1784 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean minh trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3; c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u0169ng ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, khi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi Bangkok \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t trung t\u00e2m \u1edf Bangkok, b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ki\u1ec3u chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc khi chinh chi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng Rama I ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n. Ki\u1ec3u chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm hay ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7. N\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tham v\u1ecdng, tranh \u0111ua, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u01b0u t\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n; trong c\u00e1c \u201cchi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch theo m\u00f9a\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1790, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi \u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng. Chuy\u1ec7n chinh ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 g\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam B\u1ed9, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1ed9, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch (1706-1780).<\/p>\n
M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean; trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1735, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p cha. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1770, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn Bangkok trong \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c m\u01b0u toan d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u0103m 1780.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc quan s\u00e1t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00f3 s\u1eafp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn, v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1o m\u00f2n v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh minh, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea th\u1ee9c d\u1eady tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n
TI\u00caU T\u1ef0 TH\u1ea6N CHUNG<\/p>\n
T\u00e0n tinh li\u00eau l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00ean phao
\nM\u1eadu d\u1ea1 k\u00ecnh \u00e2m vi\u1ec5n t\u1ef1 xao
\nT\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi
\nC\u00f4 thinh thanh vi\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t giang giao
\nH\u1ed1t kinh h\u1ea1c l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5u phong th\u1ee5
\nH\u1ef1u s\u00fac \u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ef7 nguy\u1ec7t sao
\n\u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1c thi\u00ean gia y ch\u1ea9m h\u1eadu
\nK\u00ea truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec3u t\u00edn di\u1ec7c li\u00eau li\u00eau.<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n
B\u00f3ng sao t\u00e0n th\u01b0a th\u1edbt l\u1eb7n d\u1ea7n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi
\n\u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn canh n\u0103m, ti\u1ebfng k\u00ecnh th\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a xa
\nTi\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi
\nTi\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecdng kh\u1eafp s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9i
\nTi\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng l\u00e0m kinh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn chim h\u1ea1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y gi\u00f3 tho\u1ea3ng
\nTi\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng chim qu\u1ea1 c\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y tr\u0103ng l\u1ed3ng
\nNgh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c sau \u0111\u00eam nghi\u00eang g\u1ed1i
\nTi\u1ebfng g\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n tin s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u0103ng v\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u00e1o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn sau c\u00f9ng, sau khi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea5c bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f2ng xoay su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u1ecda v\u1ecb ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng chim nu\u00f4i m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh, ng\u00f4i sao l\u1eb7n v\u00e0 chu\u00f4ng ch\u00f9a, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam sang ng\u00e0y, t\u1eeb ng\u1ee7 sang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng; kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed5i thay n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7t ao \u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, thay v\u00ec khi b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u00e3 xong \u2013 gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u00e3 xong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 g\u00e1y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef \u201ctin\u201d trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m vang x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111ang c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 Nam B\u1ed9 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 oai v\u1ec7 m\u00e0 s\u1eafp s\u1eeda xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1o m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c, xem \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1i l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00d4NG H\u1ed2 \u1ea4N NGUY\u1ec6T<\/p>\n
V\u00e2n t\u1ec3 y\u00ean ti\u00eau c\u1ed9ng di\u1ec3u mang
\nNh\u1ea5t loan phong c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfp h\u1ed3ng hoang
\nT\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng t\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n song \u1ea3nh
\nB\u00edch h\u1ea3i quang h\u00e0n ti\u1ec3n v\u1ea1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng
\nTr\u1ea1m kho\u00e1t \u1ee9ng h\u00e0m thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3ng d\u1ea1ng
\nL\u00e3m linh b\u1ea5t qu\u00ed h\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng
\nNg\u01b0 long m\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1c xung nan ph\u00e1
\nY c\u1ef1u b\u0103ng t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1 quang.<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a<\/p>\n
M\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh, m\u00e2y tan trong c\u00f5i m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t
\nM\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng phong c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00f5i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn
\nPh\u00eda tr\u00ean, s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a trong tr\u1ebbo, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00ean t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, truy\u1ec1n nhau \u0111\u00f4i b\u00f3ng
\nM\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfc, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh, kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd
\nS\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2m ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn
\nL\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng
\nCon ng\u01b0 con long t\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9ng, tr\u1edf m\u00ecnh v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
\nM\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng b\u0103ng v\u1eabn r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 ch\u00f3i chang y nh\u01b0 c\u0169.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t hay th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc t\u00f4n ti \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, khi \u201c\u0111\u00f4i b\u00f3ng\u201d treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong s\u1ef1 bao la kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; trong c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 ba, s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i. Con ng\u01b0 con long, nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 thay cho nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t; nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u201cph\u00e1 v\u1ee1\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. B\u1ecb ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u00e1i \u00fd t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201cloyalty\u201d (trung th\u00e0nh) th\u00ec nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cb\u0103ng t\u00e2m\u201d, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef quy \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 \u201cs\u1ef1 trinh b\u1ea1ch\u201d c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, b\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng, trung trinh, trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u201cy nh\u01b0 c\u0169\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u201ccon ng\u01b0 con long\u201d, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111ua c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 du. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng tu t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 hay m\u01b0u toan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh x\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cv\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d hay \u201cch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n\u201d. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed1n d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 ba nhan \u0111\u1ec1 Th\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ed9ng Th\u00f4n V\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i suy t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai:<\/p>\n
Phong s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eedu l\u1ecbch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecb
\n\u00d4 th\u1ed1 t\u00e0n di kh\u00ed s\u1eafc \u0111a
\nT\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tinh hoa cao tuy\u1ec7t x\u1ee9
\nT\u00f9y phong h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 ta nga<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u phong s\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e0ng th\u00eam n\u00e9t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng
\nB\u00f3ng \u00e1c b\u00f3ng th\u1ecf (m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng) th\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n, kh\u00ed s\u1eafc th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u
\nCh\u1eafc h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tinh hoa cao tuy\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i
\nT\u1ef1 do theo gi\u00f3, th\u1edf h\u00fat \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1eddn, ch\u1ecbu \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 x\u1ee9 B\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 ca t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec1m vui con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hoang s\u01a1 trong th\u01a1 \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch xem thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba kh\u01a1i h\u1ee9ng v\u1eeba h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o Nam B\u1ed9; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xin l\u1ed7i cho t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 hai ng\u1ee5 \u00fd nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m vua th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb ng\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xin l\u1ed7i cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Trong hai d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho Nam B\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed s\u1eafc ri\u00eang, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai \u201ct\u1ef1 do theo gi\u00f3\u201d, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i theo kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 xem nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201ctr\u00ean ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eebng\u201d. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u00edch b\u1edfi v\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u201ctheo gi\u00f3\u201d \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc t\u1eeb \u201cch\u00f3t v\u00f3t\u201d c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
C\u00fa \u0111\u00e1nh k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh n\u0103m 1801 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ecf qua B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh (n\u01a1i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e2y h\u00e3m), v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng; nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e2y h\u00e3m qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u1edf B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra B\u1eafc. Trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ra B\u1eafc, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh L\u00e0o qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00fai t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111i v\u00e0o Thanh Ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 n\u00e0o s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng. Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9. Khi \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cai tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb Hu\u1ebf, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u1edf Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u00fap \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho Nam B\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 40 n\u0103m sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1820, Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18. B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Qui Nh\u01a1n th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c vua Ch\u0103mpa. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb chinh ph\u1ee5c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1611, khi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng chinh ph\u1ee5c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e8o C\u1ea3, m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c binh \u0111o\u00e0n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Nam v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1690, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trung t\u00e2m Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7271,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,1,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lich-su-news","category-news","category-suu-tam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8998"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8998\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}