{"id":8450,"date":"2015-03-13T00:26:40","date_gmt":"2015-03-12T17:26:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=8450"},"modified":"2015-03-13T00:37:20","modified_gmt":"2015-03-12T17:37:20","slug":"history-of-tonquin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=8450","title":{"rendered":"History of Tonquin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac: N\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c san s\u00e1t b\u00ean nhau trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ch\u1ee9a 30-40 hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 100 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. <\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a K\u1ebb Ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, chu vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi Paris, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 v\u00e0 15 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch, phi\u00ean ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf, thu h\u00fat g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3... \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn 1 b\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f2ng n\u1eeda gi\u1edd d\u00f9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. <\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u1edf K\u1ebb Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1t g\u1ea1ch, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i voi, ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 gia s\u00fac \u0111i qua. 2\/3 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch. Xen gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u00f2i nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb tre v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c cung ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 dinh th\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn trong ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gian nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf, n\u1ec1n hi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea7n chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng r\u01a1m, lau s\u1eady, l\u00e1 to c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 30-40 n\u0103m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 hay kho, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, v\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0n v\u1ea3i lanh v\u00e0 m\u00e0n tre, c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xuy\u00ean qua.<\/p>\n<p>Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vua chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 xung quanh. T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh cao kho\u1ea3ng 1,8-2m, chu vi 3 gi\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khu nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t: C\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, t\u00f2a \u00e1n. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a cung \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng dinh th\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh trong th\u00e0nh. C\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 cho bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 hay s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda theo phong c\u00e1ch x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch, d\u00f9ng v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c phong ph\u00fa xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch, ao...<\/p>\n<p>Ba b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u0169 v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch, t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc ch\u00fat \u00edt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 n\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb kh\u00e1c - ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng tre - Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.     <\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng mang v\u1edb, gi\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f9i. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen qu\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i d\u00e0i quanh th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 che ph\u1ea7n k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 theo th\u00f3i quen m\u1eb7c \u00e1o r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 2 v\u1ea1t ch\u00e9o bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 che to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c \u0111i d\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ea5n quanh th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0103n m\u1eb7c k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o. H\u1ecd m\u1eb7c v\u00e1y \u00e1o d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay v\u00e0i th\u1ee9 quen thu\u1ed9c - nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n - h\u1ecd che ng\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i hay l\u1ee5a c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i tim.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u hay trang tr\u1ecdng m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng 1 \u00e1o d\u1ea1ng gil\u00ea c\u00f3 tay \u00e1o ch\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn theo d\u1ea1ng quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng d\u00e0i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac: N\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c san s\u00e1t b\u00ean nhau trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ch\u1ee9a 30-40 hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 100 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a K\u1ebb Ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, chu vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi Paris, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 v\u00e0 15 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch, phi\u00ean ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf, thu h\u00fat g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3&#8230; \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn 1 b\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f2ng n\u1eeda gi\u1edd d\u00f9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u1edf K\u1ebb Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1t g\u1ea1ch, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i voi, ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7u [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lich-su-news","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}