{"id":7324,"date":"2014-05-02T20:53:25","date_gmt":"2014-05-02T13:53:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/truongan.byethost11.com\/?p=7324"},"modified":"2014-12-05T20:18:54","modified_gmt":"2014-12-05T13:18:54","slug":"journal-from-india-to-cochinchina-ii-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=7324","title":{"rendered":"Journal from India to Cochinchina II \u2013 01"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00e1ng v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 \u00edch l\u1ee3i - Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef - Trang ph\u1ee5c - T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch - Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n - L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i - Thu nh\u1eadp - Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p - T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n


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V\u1ec1 d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb, d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng An Nam - c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 v\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd - th\u1ea5p b\u00e9o l\u00f9n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean. D\u00e1ng v\u00f3c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u1edf v\u00f9ng Trung \u00c1. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, h\u1ecd g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 Lai h\u01a1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m hung \u00e1c. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1eafng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 d\u00e1ng \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd - ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p - c\u0169ng thanh l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau - \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 \u00edch l\u1ee3i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam - bao g\u1ed3m d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hindu, TQ, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n - l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n xa c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u1eaft may - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 - nh\u1eefng trang ph\u1ee5c dai b\u1ec1n t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t r\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3 khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi n\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt in \u1ea5n tr\u00ean v\u1ea3i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c trang, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng xung kh\u1eafc v\u1edbi s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t l\u1ee5a t\u1eeb n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 t\u01a1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a VN \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e9m h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a TQ. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, h\u1ecd th\u00edch th\u00fa tr\u01b0\u1edbc danh ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed7 s\u01a1n. Trong cu\u1ed1n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Abbe Richard, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3. C\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ebfn TQ ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed3 s\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 quan m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb 22 t\u1edbi 23. Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed7 s\u01a1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ef3. Ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i trung b\u00ecnh th\u00ec r\u1ebb v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i chung. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng g\u1ed7 s\u01a1n \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecf trai ng\u1ecdc hay trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng hay c\u1ea3 hai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p cao, nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea7u thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn v\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. <\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 r\u00e8n \u0111\u00fac s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN v\u00e0 TQ bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n b\u00e1n man r\u1ee3. Kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd trong kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1823, khi l\u00e0m L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 \u1edf Singapore, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng cho quan T\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n b\u1edfi T\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n - m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o xoay hai n\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Anh, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng t\u1edbi Hu\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00fd \u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o xoay 2 n\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua. S\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m theo t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 cho s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN; m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n s\u1eaft th\u00e9p, h\u1ecd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00f2 s\u00fang h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi t\u00e0i kh\u00e9o b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u00fang tay.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a An Nam - hay l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00fac kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00f3i chung t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e2m c\u1ee7a TQ. Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t \u00e2m. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a TQ - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd xem nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef TQ, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang. Trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n TQ, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 sinh TQ th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a VN. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef An Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi cha Alexander De Rhodes, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf VN, gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Latinh; nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi cha B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p phi\u00eau l\u01b0u sau cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh - v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 - trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a TQ tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi TQ b\u1ecb chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u1eb7c theo ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tartar. Trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 2 gi\u1edbi g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i qu\u1ea7n r\u1ed9ng, bu\u1ed9c quanh eo b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a trang ph\u1ee5c bao g\u1ed3m 2 hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u00e1o d\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi n\u1eeda \u0111\u00f9i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u00e1o n\u00e0y, theo phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, c\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng 5 c\u00e1i n\u00fat v\u00e0 ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c. Tay \u00e1o r\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb7ng, h\u1ecd th\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 foot hay 1,5 foot tay \u00e1o ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay; nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o tay ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u00e1o d\u00e0i ph\u00eda trong ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 \u00e1o ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi m\u1eaft c\u00e1 ch\u00e2n. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng VN \u0103n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp \u0111i th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd cho\u00e0ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u00e1o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng l\u1ee5a r\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i t\u1edbi m\u1eaft c\u00e1. T\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh b\u00fai sau \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi TQ tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eddi trang ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Tartar \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u1ecd. C\u1ea3 2 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u0103n, h\u1ecd mang v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 trang nh\u00e3. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c trang n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi quan l\u00ednh. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0103n di\u1ec7n, hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u0103n. Khi ra ngo\u00e0i, c\u1ea3 2 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00f3n b\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u01a1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2 feet, c\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eb1m. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00f3n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eadu l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c, n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u1eafng m\u01b0a. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m trang ph\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng. L\u1ee5a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. \u00c1o d\u00e0i trong th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng hay m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ed9i tr\u1eafng; n\u00ean theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ebb tr\u1eafng trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. \u00c1o d\u00e0i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng, \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5a, hay v\u1ea3i sa hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf TQ. \u0110\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u1eeb l\u1ee5a tr\u01a1n hay nhi\u1ec5u \u0111en may n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. Kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec5u, lu\u00f4n m\u00e0u \u0111en ho\u1eb7c xanh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ee5a c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y. Trang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u n\u00e2u t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 da thu\u1ed9c. M\u00e0u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd hay ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb chung nh\u1ea5t. Trong v\u00e0i d\u1ecbp, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang v\u00f2ng tay v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc trai, h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111eo hoa tai, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef t\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e2m c\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n mang theo m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p t\u00fai b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5a trong tay hay kho\u00e1c qua vai. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea7u, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng n\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi vai, che n\u00f3 \u0111i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00fai n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i b\u00f3ng m\u00e0u xanh, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p cao th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby. Gi\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u00e9p gu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quai bu\u1ed9c. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi trang ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi TQ kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia l\u00e0 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, hay ng\u1ea3 cam. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a vua l\u00e0 m\u00e0u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0u c\u1edd qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Trang ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eau h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c b\u1edfi v\u00e0i v\u1ecb quan \u1edf c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t. M\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u00e0u tang ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tang m\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ng hay ki\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p cau, tr\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chanh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam catechu v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 Lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng; nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u00f3 - k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u00e3 Lai, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cung c\u1ea5p lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN c\u0169ng b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7n, t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3, v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nhai thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u00fat b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ebfu nh\u1ecf qu\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi VN thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y trong mi\u1ec7ng, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ecm trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00e1ng v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam – Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 \u00edch l\u1ee3i – Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef – Trang ph\u1ee5c – T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch – Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n – L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i – Thu nh\u1eadp – Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p – T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o V\u1ec1 d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb, d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng An Nam – c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 v\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd – th\u1ea5p b\u00e9o l\u00f9n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean. D\u00e1ng v\u00f3c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u1edf v\u00f9ng Trung \u00c1. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, h\u1ecd g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 Lai h\u01a1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m hung \u00e1c. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1eafng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 d\u00e1ng \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p – c\u0169ng thanh l\u1ecbch. S\u1ef1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[102,103,104],"class_list":["post-7324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-journal-cochinchina","tag-cochinchina","tag-mien-nam","tag-the-ky-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7324"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7324\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}