D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
Danh t\u1eeb \"d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh\" d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n c\u00e3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, k\u00e8m theo danh t\u1eeb \"c\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\", \"v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\"?<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eabn th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb h\u01a1i kh\u1eafc, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
- Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed3n, qu\u1ed1c t\u00fay.<\/p>\n
- B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
Danh t\u1eeb \"tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn, khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. \"Tinh th\u1ea7n\" l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd tinh th\u1ea7n tranh \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m: chi\u00eau h\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f3c qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c, do c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, trong th\u00f3i \u0103n n\u1ebft \u1edf, trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, trong n\u1ebfp suy t\u01b0? \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 \u00f3c ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 si\u00eang n\u0103ng, mang c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng h\u01a1i bu\u1ed3n bu\u1ed3n. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o di t\u00edch, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tri\u00eat l\u00fd Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t (t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Tam gi\u00e1o), mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec n\u00ean qua Trung Hoa, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u00ecn Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1eebng n\u00fai t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh k\u1ec7 x\u01b0a nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00e1i s\u1ecd \u00f4ng B\u00e0n C\u1ed5 \u1edf m\u00e3i t\u1eadn mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Trung Hoa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1ecdi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u0103m h\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi, t\u00ecm th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, t\u00ecm v\u0103n h\u00f3a xa l\u1ea1, xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i binh vi\u1ec5n chinh theo sau. \u0110\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, h\u1ecd t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh l\u00e0m v\u0103n s\u0129, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng. Bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n ra, c\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft, c\u1ee9 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1 s\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f3n b\u00fat \"\u0103n kh\u00e1ch\", gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c mua vui m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u1ed1ng canh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba danh, nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u0169 Bali (Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng), c\u00e1ch u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 Nh\u1ef1t, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i \u0110\u1ebf Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 Kim T\u1ef1 Th\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m C\u00e0n Long, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \"Tr\u1ee5 m\u00ea \u0110\u1eaft K\u1ef7\", kho t\u00e0ng vua ch\u00faa M\u1ec5 T\u00e2y C\u01a1, Nam M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed, gi\u00e0o l\u00f2ng nh\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eb1m nh\u00e0 \u1edf T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1o \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, s\u1ed1ng \u00eam \u1ea5m, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u. Chuy\u1ec7n xa \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 chuy\u00ean bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Phi Ch\u00e2u, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1eafn r\u1ee9t cho l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n h\u1ed3ng ngh\u00ecn t\u00eda \u1ea5y, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1ef1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Cao Nguy\u00ean, b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u0103n l\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ed7 ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n. \u1ede d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ebf Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i chum b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf L\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, tuy tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh to\u00e0n x\u1ee9 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n theo d\u00f5i sanh ho\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Cao Nguy\u00ean Trung ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n \u1edf h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ee9t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 M\u00e1n, M\u00e8o, Th\u00e1i \u1edf v\u00f9ng Cao B\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh nh\u00f3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb r\u1eebng n\u00fai V\u00e2n Nam. Trong vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0i l\u1eddi khen an \u1ee7i: s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Thanh H\u00f3a, l\u0103ng t\u1ea9m Hu\u1ebf, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Minh H\u1ea1nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u00fat lui, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c th\u00eam nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng H\u1eadu Giang v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00f9 Nam, t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3ng \u1ed0c Eo (n\u00fai Ba Th\u00ea - An Giang).<\/p>\n
Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft h\u1ecd: v\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c lai c\u0103n, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb Trung Hoa, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n, T\u1ebft Trung Thu, t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 quan h\u00f4n tang l\u1ec5, b\u00f9a ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n
Khi t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi. Cu\u1ed9c Nam ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung. Th\u00e1i Lan, T\u00e0u, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c Nam ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong v\u00e0i h\u00e0ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
...<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1edbi: n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u1eadu b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Hai M\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh, tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m. L\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. H\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n, gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc thi \u0111\u1eadu. Mu\u1ed1n thi \u0111\u1eadu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n lo luy\u1ec7n thi To\u00e1n-L\u00fd-H\u00f3a. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m khi b\u00e0i v\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, xem l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \"t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u\" n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \"\u0111\u00e2m h\u01a1i\" l\u00e0m r\u1ea7y gi\u1ea5c chi\u00eam bao c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ea1y g\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, h\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tr\u1eeb phi nghe chuy\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam \u00e1i, mu\u1ed3i m\u1eabn, qua t\u00e2n nh\u1ea1c v\u1ecdng c\u1ed5 - l\u00fac n\u1eb1m trong ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ti\u1ec7n nghi tinh th\u1ea7n! Th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, n\u00ean n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u1edbi c\u00e2y n\u00eau ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft, c\u00e1i kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e1o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u1eed b\u1ecb m\u1ecdt m\u1ed1i g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m. Ngo\u00e0i Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0 L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft Tam gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea7y m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tin v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lai c\u0103n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 luy\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng phu \u0111i c\u00e0y m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i th\u00e1nh th\u00f3t nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a, v\u1edbi \u00f4ng vua b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i, xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \"qu\u1ef7 tr\u1eafng\", v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u0103m 1945. Hay l\u1eafm, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u1ea7m h\u00f9ng, n\u00ean c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 20 n\u0103m tang t\u00f3c. Nh\u01b0ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954 \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 li\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n minh sung t\u00fac, v\u1edbi v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, b\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, thu\u1ed1c x\u1ecbt mu\u1ed7i, v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. Coi ch\u1eebng b\u1ecb th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3! Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111i ti\u00ean phong, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n phong c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7... Ph\u00e1p. S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean d\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 cho chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean UNESCO, cho Asia Foundation, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y theo n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi, h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ranh gi\u1edbi th\u00ec m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u nhau v\u00ec d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y d\u00ednh v\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu n\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e8n n\u00e9on chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. \u0110ang tr\u00f9 li\u1ec7u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u00e3n. Vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ecbnh ung th\u01b0. N\u00ean ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc v\u00ec t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m trong b\u00e0o thai, ai c\u0169ng mang m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m, ai c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu th\u1ea7n kinh. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec n\u00ean xoay qua ng\u00e0nh xem t\u1eed vi, b\u00f3i b\u00e0i c\u00e0o, c\u1ee9 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh \"t\u1eed vi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\". Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1eb9o lu\u1eadt v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m x\u01b0a h\u1ebft th\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u1ed3i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec l\u1edd m\u1edd.<\/em> \u00c2m th\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng suy, g\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf v\u00ec th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong ng\u00e0y mai, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1t n\u1eefa. C\u00e1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u00edch g\u00ec h\u1ebft. C\u00f9 l\u1ea7n. G\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u01a1i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 con cua, con s\u00ean. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a giai c\u1ea5p, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n bu\u1ed3n, h\u01a1i b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n th\u00ec n\u00ean k\u00eau l\u00ean \"\u00d4i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh chai \u0111\u00e1!\"<\/em>. V\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. V\u00e0 k\u00eau r\u00e9o M\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i th\u00ec n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edbi. Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00e2m t\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u00ec n\u00ean theo th\u1ee9 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c qu\u00e1. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y theo k\u1ecbp tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 b\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u \u00e1o, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u xe h\u01a1i b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i sau khi ra l\u00f2. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1967 n\u00ean mua t\u1ea5m l\u1ecbch 1968 cho s\u1edbm, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1968 th\u00ec t\u1ea5m l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ee5i. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t b\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 nhau. \u0110\u1eebng tranh t\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang bi \u0111\u00e1t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, ch\u1edbi c\u1edbi trong \"c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\". N\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p nhau, v\u1edbi n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 giao. Nh\u01b0 hai con c\u00e1 l\u1ed9i trong b\u1ed3n, v\u1edbi mi\u1ebfng ki\u1ebfng ng\u0103n \u0111\u00f4i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1eeba. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, lu\u1eadt tr\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh sao cho kh\u1ecfi. V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ta kh\u00f4ng k\u00eau l\u00ean t\u00ean c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, g\u1ecdi l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hoa h\u1eadu \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, k\u1ebbo tr\u1ec5. V\u00ec so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ec5 n\u1ea3i, d\u00f9ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, d\u00f9ng n\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, d\u00f9ng b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm c\u0169ng tr\u1ec5 n\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ebft gia T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fa nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh duy nh\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh n\u1ea7y \u0111ang \"x\u1ebf t\u00e0\" sau khi m\u1ecdc l\u00ean r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng ngay gi\u1eefa b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i khu\u00f4n v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh thanh b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i lo\u1ea1n (n\u1ed9i lo\u1ea1n v\u00f5 trang). H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, c\u00e3i v\u1ea3, \u0111em s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c ch\u1ebb l\u00e0m t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd suy \u0111\u1ed3i, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd suy \u0111\u1ed3i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e3i v\u1ea3 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111em binh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1ecd, t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111ang nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay l\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n v\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n L\u00e0m sao cho ra?<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu v\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ra th\u00ec d\u1ec5 qu\u00e1, c\u1ee9 m\u1eddi chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap, ta h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, l\u00e0m chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean cho h\u1ecd! M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ea3 b\u00e0i, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00ed sinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, so\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ef1t l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111em v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5, \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00ecn s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00ednh nhi vi\u1ec5n chi. S\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng; ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i d\u1ea1y, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sai l\u1ec7ch, xa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec m\u1edbi. V\u00ec l\u00e0m sao l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i - ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111a s\u1ed1 - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf khi quan s\u00e1t, ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n minh Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e1t th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n<\/em>. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00e9p s\u00e1ch c\u0169, c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \"kinh nhi vi\u1ec5n chi\" n\u00e0y \u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u phen cau m\u00e0y, bu\u1ed3n bu\u1ed3n, ng\u00e1p d\u00e0i b\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ch khi nghe v\u0103ng v\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang, \u0111\u00eam th\u00e2u. C\u00e1i cau m\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe \u0111\u00f2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u00e1i xe nh\u01b0ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 xe. Ch\u1ee7 xe kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n l\u00e1i xe nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta m\u01b0\u1edbn t\u00e0i x\u1ebf. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i x\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 \u00fd v\u00ec l\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u00e1i v\u00e0o s\u00e1t l\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1n d\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh xe, tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh xe l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng xe v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u00f9ng xe l\u00e0 l\u1edbp n\u1ec7m, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i trong v\u1ee5 c\u00e1n xe n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eefa th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 phong l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00ec b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 cho t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0 chen v\u00e0o h\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, cu\u1ed9c quan s\u00e1t. N\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n c\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 \u00fd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe. \u00d4ng ta ph\u00f3ng m\u1eaft t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o... trong d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb hi\u1ec1n ti\u1ec1n \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n - l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y t\u1eeb T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea3i chi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1i thu\u1edf thanh b\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, khi c\u00e1c th\u00e1p Ch\u00e0m, c\u00e1c l\u0103ng t\u1ea9m Hu\u1ebf, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1eed in tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n c\u00f2n trinh nguy\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft xanh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gh\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn. Thu\u1edf \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ch\u00e1nh tham bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00f9a g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3, vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t b\u00f4 l\u00e3o (\u0111ang l\u00e3nh ch\u1ee9c cai t\u1ed5ng, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng) l\u00e0 tha h\u1ed3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m s\u1ed1t d\u1ebbo bao nhi\u00eau s\u1eed li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ee9t, n\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 qua thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ghi \u01a1n (t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam)!<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay t\u00ecm m\u00e3i, v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n ho\u00e1. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1edbp nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n ngon r\u1ed3i, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea1n t\u00e0u r\u00e1o m\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111i thung th\u0103ng t\u1eadn mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p. S\u1eed li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 l\u1ebd phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ee9t h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, t\u1eeb khi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh g\u1eb7p B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0103n n\u00f3i, s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u00e0u li\u1ec7u \u1edf b\u1ed9 Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft ch\u01b0a? \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft \"theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc\", nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p su\u1ed1t tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 hay ch\u01b0a? Hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft gi\u00f9m qua c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1edf \"ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c\". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a? C\u00e1i nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng... c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec? Mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 trong. N\u00f3i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o. T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 Phi, \u00dac, M\u1ef9 ch\u00e2u (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 di d\u00e2n)? Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi VI\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta \u0111\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u00ecm thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o c\u00e1i l\u00fac m\u00e0 thi s\u0129, v\u0103n s\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, y\u00eau c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, y\u00eau nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, y\u00eau t\u1ef1 do b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p sau n\u00e0y ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, n\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp ra t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, n\u1ebfu quan s\u00e1t t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh th\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem con voi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ed5i, l\u1ed7 tai gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y qu\u1ea1t. T\u1ea1i sao ta kh\u00f4ng s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n \u0111\u00f3? Th\u1eddi qu\u00e2n T\u00e0u cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i - nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ra t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i sai ni\u00ean bi\u1ec3u, l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, m\u00ea t\u00edn kh\u00f4ng x\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady - ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, tr\u00e0 d\u01b0 t\u1eedu h\u1eadu, chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p - theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd - \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 anecdote. Anecdote c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n qu\u00ea, c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ef3nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n, ma qu\u00e1i. <\/p>\n Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3i?<\/p>\n Th\u1eadt ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p che gi\u1ea5u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \"h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\" h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa x\u01b0a, c\u00e0ng xa c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean \u1ed5n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hy v\u1ecdng n\u1ed5i danh kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e0o x\u1edbi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u0169, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu cho l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec n\u00ean t\u00ecm b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n. V\u00e0i \"h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\" T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i phi\u00eau l\u01b0u qua thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u00ecm danh l\u1ee3i - t\u00ecm d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u1edf ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c - \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ch quan, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5n x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh Nam d\u1eb9p B\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ru ng\u1ee7 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00e1nh h\u1eb3n hoi. \u0110\u00e0o x\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ecdp ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con c\u1ecdp s\u1ed1ng. N\u00e0o ai c\u1ea5m c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Duy T\u00e2n, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2u? Vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh ho\u1eb7c \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eed li\u1ec7u v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u1ec3u, qua L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Tien, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 \u00fd b\u1ecf qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1t c\u00fa, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u1ec3u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u01b0a m\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, qua c\u00e1i l\u0103ng k\u00ednh \"nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\"? H\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \"T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\" hay kh\u00f4ng? Hay \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m, l\u00e0 \"anecdote\"? H\u1ee1i \u01a1i! Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n n\u00f3ng r\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda m\u00e0 m\u00e1t r\u01b0\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u00fa nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghi, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng. Khi m\u1edbi x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, v\u00e0i s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c v\u00ec gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i h\u1ecd l\u00fac \u1ea5y kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc s\u1ee9c th\u1eafng th\u1ebf (Ch. Gossenlin, R\u00e9veill\u00e8re). H\u1ecd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng gi\u00e0u kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i, r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p th\u1eddi c\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng s\u1eed li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \"gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c\" v\u1ec1 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m l\u1ea5y v\u00ec \"ai y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\"... N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebft tha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1ef1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9... gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u1eef. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edd h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, ta c\u1ea7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u1eaft s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ni\u1ec1m n\u1edf.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhau, v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n ngu\u1eddi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n ...<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e1m s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang che s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. S\u00e0i G\u00f2n mu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Mu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n giai tho\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 tin v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tin chung quanh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o xem qua quy\u1ec3n \"S\u00e0i G\u00f2n n\u0103m x\u01b0a\" c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3ng S\u1ec3n \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc v\u00ec quy\u1ec3n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho xen v\u00e0o bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \"bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0m\". \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u th\u00ec d\u1ec5 th\u00eam th\u1eaft, trong v\u00f2ng hai th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i n\u0103m th\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00fd th\u00fa bi ai \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung, sai l\u1ea1c ni\u00ean bi\u1ec3u (trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ta, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng d\u01b0 ti\u1ec7p k\u00fd, Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c, Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, th\u1ea5y th\u00edch l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p).<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c giai tho\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0m l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i l\u1ecfi t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n phong ki\u1ebfn hay th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m cho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 bia mi\u1ec7ng l\u1eafm khi b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n bia \u0111\u00e1. D\u00e2n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1eddi vua quan, th\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 th\u00edch d\u00f9ng giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i khu\u00e2y, an \u1ee7i, un \u0111\u00fac tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eabn nhau, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u. Ra b\u00e1o, in s\u00e1ch th\u00ec t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n mua s\u1eafm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef. \u0110\u00eam khuya r\u1ea3nh vi\u1ec7c, l\u00fac \u0103n ti\u1ec7c, l\u00fac th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng nhau th\u00ec c\u00f2n g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0, t\u1eb7ng cho nhau v\u00e0i giai tho\u1ea1i \u00edt ai bi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t d\u00f9ng giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t. C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, ho\u1eb7c quan cai tr\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng l\u1edbp h\u1ecd. Gi\u1edbi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, \u1edf th\u00f4n qu\u00ea, t\u1eebng x\u00f3m, t\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 giai tho\u1ea1i ri\u00eang. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn qua m\u1ecdi t\u1eebng l\u1edbp. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, \u00edt nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n v\u0103n t\u1ef1. \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e9n, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n \"b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\" th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd t\u00f9y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c b\u1edbt chi ti\u1ebft, gi\u1eef g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam trang hay c\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00f2a nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb v\u00ec k\u00e9m h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c n\u00ean n\u00f3i b\u1eady \"xin b\u00e0 con mi\u1ec5n ch\u1ea5p, tha th\u1ee9 cho\". \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch Trung Hoa v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean gi\u00e0u v\u1ec1 giai tho\u1ea1i. Tha h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 t\u00ecm kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng trong t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu d\u00e1m \u0111\u1eadp b\u1ec3 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1. Tha h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9. C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdc \"S\u00e0i G\u00f2n n\u0103m x\u01b0a\" \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u1ebft \u0103n th\u00f3i \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0ng c\u1ef1u:<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o thay ph\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 h\u1ed9i Khung c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u00e2y qua chi\u1ebfm S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, l\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y sanh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecdn h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn, d\u1ecdn b\u00e0n, m\u1ea5y th\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n k\u00fd l\u1ee5c, b\u1ecdn ba-nhe, ban-b\u00f9, x\u00e1ch gi\u1ecf cho b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111i ch\u1ee3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ed5n x\u1ee9 ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \"giai tho\u1ea1i\" v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u1ed9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ecb d\u00e2n \"hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh\" c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, Paulus C\u1ee7a. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1ee9t S\u0129, nh\u00ec Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ee7a tam X\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Hoa ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u h\u1ed3i T\u00e2y m\u1edbi qua. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i ca T\u01b0 M\u1eaft, v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Phan X\u00edch Long, v\u1ec1 vua c\u1edd b\u1ea1c S\u00e1u Ng\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3? H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u00ea bai r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tranh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Hoa ki\u1ec1u, n\u1eb7ng \u00f3c m\u00ea t\u00edn, \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1m c\u1edd b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb g\u1eaft gao th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh du c\u00f4n B\u1ed3n K\u00e8n? \u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \"t\u1ec7 \u0111oan\" \u1ea5y - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ec7 \u0111oan, t\u1eeb s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n - nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c khai h\u00f3a n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u00e1c r\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ea3y, k\u1ebb n\u00e0o v\u1ea1ch l\u00e1 t\u00ecm s\u00e2u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ra tay g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c gi\u00f9m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5n x\u1ee9, g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i; nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \"hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft\". Giai tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u0103ng nh\u0103ng \"b\u00ean l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\" ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ecf r\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng l\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u1edbi tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u1ea7m s\u00e9t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt g\u00e3y tay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m sao qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u \u0111ang \u00f4m h\u1eadn th\u00f9. Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Qu\u1ea3n H\u1edbn \u1edf M\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e1m Th\u00f4n V\u01b0\u1eddn Tr\u1ea7u h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0o kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng! Nh\u01b0ng ai ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, ai b\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9 b\u00e0n t\u00e1n, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf cho nhau t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb ch\u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e1o, n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd mang n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng, b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n ...<\/p>\n Th\u01b0c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, Phi Ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ea1, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1edf t\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u hay, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ed5n x\u1ee9 v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u00c2u-M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ecd coi l\u00e0 Acculturation. Ng\u00e0nh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7t ra qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 t\u1eeb sau \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn. Khi g\u1eb7p lu\u1ed3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u00ec n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, n\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch. V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp ra t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi sanh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vong b\u1ea3n, s\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o \"l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb9\" h\u1ea7u t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n ...<\/p>\n Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng sau n\u0103m 1900.<\/p>\n H\u1ecd kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, \"khoa h\u1ecdc\", c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m tai ng\u01a1 m\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ebfc tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong tr\u00e0o tranh \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1edf mang v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f2i t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc do c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n H\u1ecd l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y trong khi s\u0129 phu v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i chuy\u1ec7n kia - hai chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \"v\u0103n h\u00f3a\". H\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t mang m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 ti, ng\u1ee1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c oai h\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1eddi x\u01b0a nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, n\u00ean an ph\u1eadn \u00f4m gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0ng son th\u1eddi x\u01b0a m\u00e0 ch\u1edd v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y. C\u00e1c s\u0129 phu Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, xem v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n ...<\/p>\n \"V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1t c\u1ed5\" b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i dung, v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung xa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng Phan S\u00e0o Nam, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd C\u00e1p v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c li\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u01a1 b\u00e1t c\u00fa, v\u0103n t\u1ebf, ph\u00fa. \u00d4ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00ed C\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ed5 x\u00fay t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc, khi ra t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9m, \"\u0111ao \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9 c\u1ed5, c\u00f2n thung dung xin v\u1edbi quan gi\u00e1m tr\u1ea3m cho \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e1o m\u00e3o nghi\u00eam trang b\u00e1i t\u1ea1 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ng\u0169 b\u00e1i r\u1ed3i kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i t\u1ef1u h\u00ecnh, s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t in nh\u01b0 khi nh\u00f3m tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ch\". S\u0129 phu mi\u1ec1n Trung \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p, ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. V\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay s\u1ebd b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m th\u01a1 n\u1ef1c m\u00f9i ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, gan l\u00ec kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ea7y, t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi \"kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\" nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ea3 x\u01b0a, m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi!<\/p>\n G\u1eabm l\u1ea1i s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u1ea7m s\u00e9t, ng\u00f4i m\u1ea3 x\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, cho ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, n\u1ed7i \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi t\u1eeb c\u00e1nh tay g\u00e3y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i s\u1ecd m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t ph\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0o quang, t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1i s\u1ecd \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tay n\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u00e1u n\u00f3ng \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y. N\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft - n\u00f3i n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 duy\u00ean. M\u1ed7i pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 duy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 duy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u1ede l\u0103ng \u00f4ng Tho\u1ea1i Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ea7u b\u00ean ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Sam g\u1ea7n kinh V\u0129nh T\u1ebf (Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c), c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i hai b\u00ean m\u1ed9 bia: \"V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1n tinh \u0111\u1ea9u... \" Tho\u1ea1i Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u01b0a xem h\u00e1t b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng lo tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef b\u1edd c\u00f5i, di d\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u1ea5p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng con kinh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf. V\u00f9ng bi\u00ean th\u00f9y H\u1eadu Giang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \"s\u01a1n th\u1ee7y h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh thi\u00ean l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i\", v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau sinh l\u1ef1c. \u00d4ng Tho\u1ea1i Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n ...<\/p>\n Ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb ch\u00fat g\u00ec, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec7n nghi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ec9nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u trong l\u00fac say. V\u00e0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee3i g\u00ec l\u00fac canh t\u00e0n m\u1edbi th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c? T\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p l\u00e0m ray r\u1ee9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Ray r\u1ee9t n\u0103m ph\u00fat r\u1ed3i d\u1ee9t hay l\u00e0 khi h\u1ebft ray r\u1ee9t c\u01a1n \u0111au \u1ea5y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m qu\u00ean ray r\u1ee9t v\u00ec ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i hoa h\u1ed3ng, hoa s\u00f3i? C\u01a1n ray r\u1ee9t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 qua h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng h\u00e0i nhi kh\u00f4ng b\u00fa v\u00fa m\u1eb9, l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ee9 cho u\u1ed1ng s\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0103n k\u1eb9o v\u00e0 cho nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ng\u1ef1c h\u1ecfa di\u1ec7m s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m. Ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1n ray r\u1ee9t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ecb s\u00f3ng c\u1ed3n che l\u1ea5p. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i d\u1ea1t d\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn, b\u1ecb che l\u1ea5p, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u01a1 th\u01a1 v\u00e0i c\u1ee5m c\u1ecf v\u00e0ng \u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00e8n tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i b\u1ecbnh ray r\u1ee9t \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghe \u0111\u1ecdc truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, \u0103n c\u00e1 l\u00f3c n\u01b0\u1edbng tru\u00f4i, ng\u00e2m th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, xem h\u00e1t b\u1ed9i, \u0103n s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang L\u00e1i Thi\u00eau, b\u01b0\u1edfi Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00e0nh s\u1ee9, \u0111i c\u00e2u c\u00e1, r\u00e1p nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay nh\u1ecf, tr\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec3ng, th\u1ed5i s\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00f3, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, h\u00e1t t\u00e2m ca, du ca. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n \"d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\", c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n v\u00e1 v\u00edu, thi\u1ebfu sinh l\u1ef1c, b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi g\u1ed1c, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \"v\u1eadt\". \u0110em c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t nh\u00e0, c\u00e2y ch\u1ed5i, con \u0111\u1ec9a r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh con voi, d\u1eabu l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng h\u00ecnh m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n C\u00e1i ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, \u1ea5m l\u1ea1nh t\u00f9y th\u00edch. Kh\u1ed5 thay c\u00e1i gian ph\u00f2ng \"\u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a\" c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edn cho l\u1eafm. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba k\u00edn v\u1eeba h\u1edf, c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e1n v\u00e0 thi s\u0129 T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \"l\u1ee3n k\u00eau eng \u00e9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda ph\u00ean\"<\/em>, \"song th\u01b0a gi\u00f3 l\u1ecdt b\u1ed1n b\u00ean l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng\".<\/em><\/p>\n T\u1ea5n bi k\u1ecbch n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eafc b\u1ecbnh \"bi \u0111\u00e1t\" \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f2an th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u00f4n qu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ham ti\u1ec7n nghi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ed3m ba con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t th\u1eb1ng b\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00eau h\u00f9ng, khinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 T\u00e2y T\u00e0u. T\u00f9y t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ed3i, ki\u00eau h\u00f9ng, ngh\u00e8o... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam b\u1edbt. Xem qua th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 b\u1ed3i th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, ki\u00eau h\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. N\u1ebfu ki\u00eau h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m b\u1ed3i. V\u00e0 h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ki\u00eau h\u00f9ng. Hai ti\u1ebfng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e0m r\u1ed3i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi, r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 phe gian th\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecd d\u00e1m nh\u01a1n danh nh\u1eefng con R\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1u Ti\u00ean ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i huy\u00ean hoang, khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n ...<\/p>\n V\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c th\u00ec tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y thao thao, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o. \u00d4m \u1ea5p kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mang t\u1ed9i u m\u00ea m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00ed C\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i Nam Tri\u1ec1u \u00edch k\u1ef7, \"\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ea1c m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ca v\u00f5 m\u00e3i\".<\/p>\n U m\u00ea c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vong th\u00e2n. C\u00e1i u m\u00ea c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd qu\u00ean th\u1ebf s\u1ef1, c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn T\u1ed1ng Nho kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 \u00f4m ch\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u0169, \u00f4m nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1 m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1i u m\u00ea c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00eau d\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i m\u1ea5y n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i cho r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/em> C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i u m\u00ea (\u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y theo th\u1eddi trang, ch\u1ea1y n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 mua cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y Nh\u1ef1t, ban \u0111\u00eam c\u1ee9 lau ch\u00f9i chi\u1ebfc xe r\u1ed3i v\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e8n l\u00ean cho s\u00e1ng nh\u00e0, \u0111em chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111i-v\u0103ng m\u00e0 ng\u1eafm ngh\u00eda.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t C\u00f3 D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng <\/strong><\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Danh t\u1eeb “d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh” d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n c\u00e3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, k\u00e8m theo danh t\u1eeb “c\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c”, “v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c”? N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eabn th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb h\u01a1i kh\u1eafc, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: – Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed3n, qu\u1ed1c t\u00fay. – B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn. Danh t\u1eeb “tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn, khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. “Tinh th\u1ea7n” l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd tinh th\u1ea7n tranh \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m: chi\u00eau h\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f3c qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed3n. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c, do c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, trong th\u00f3i \u0103n n\u1ebft \u1edf, trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, trong n\u1ebfp suy t\u01b0? \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 \u00f3c ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm h\u00e0i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-suu-tam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6552"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6552\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nSum nghi\u00eam b\u1ea5y l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n khai
\nNg\u00f3i li\u1ec5n \u0111u\u00f4i l\u00e2n, ph\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ch t\u00f2a ngang d\u00e3y d\u1ecdc
\nHi\u00ean s\u00e8 c\u00e1nh \u00e9n, nh\u00e0 quan d\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eafn h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i
\nG\u00e1i nha nhu\u1ed1c tay v\u00f2ng tay ni\u1ec3ng
\nTrai x\u00eanh xang ch\u01a1n h\u1edbn ch\u01a1n h\u00e0i...<\/em><\/p>\n
\nTh\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1967<\/em>
\nS\u01a1n Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n