{"id":6517,"date":"2012-06-04T08:13:23","date_gmt":"2012-06-04T01:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lamthien.byethost24.com\/?p=6517"},"modified":"2012-06-04T08:13:23","modified_gmt":"2012-06-04T01:13:23","slug":"nguon-goc-tieng-viet-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=6517","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf. C\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng vong c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao, c\u00e0ng v\u0103n minh th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, ng\u00f3t n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c, c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i. T\u1eeb B\u1eafc ch\u00ed Nam, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng th\u1ed5 \u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef hay ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat sai bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i, nghe v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 bao gi\u1edd!?<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u!?<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u1ea1i l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau?!<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra g\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u00ec th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xa x\u0103m m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. K\u00ea c\u1ee9u theo s\u1eed k\u00fd, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, \u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, s\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p, T\u00e0u th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ebd ra tr\u0103m m\u1ed1i, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u00ednh xin c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eeda sai ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3p \u00fd gi\u00f9m cho.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1 c\u1ed5:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<em>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi m\u1edf vi\u00eam bang<br \/>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng m\u1edbi ra<br \/>\nCh\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi Vi\u00eam \u00d0\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba<br \/>\nN\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng H\u1ecfa \u00d0\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ebf minh<br \/>\nQuan phong khi gi\u00e1 Nam h\u00e0nh<br \/>\nHay \u0111\u00e2u Mai L\u0129nh duy\u00ean sinh Lam Ki\u1ec1u<br \/>\nV\u1ee5 Ti\u00ean v\u1eeba n\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o y\u00eau<br \/>\nXe Loan n\u1ed1i g\u00f3t, t\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ebft duy\u00ean<br \/>\nD\u00f2ng th\u1ea7n s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean<br \/>\nTinh anh nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i ra<br \/>\nPhong l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta<br \/>\nT\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u1ed9c T\u1ee5c, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng<br \/>\nH\u00f3a C\u01a1 d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng<br \/>\n\u00d0\u1ed9ng \u00d0\u00ecnh s\u1edbm k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u00e0ng Th\u1ea7n Long<br \/>\nB\u1ebfn hoa \u1ee9ng v\u1ebb l\u01b0u h\u1ed3ng<br \/>\nSinh con l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u L\u1ea1c Long tr\u1ecb v\u00ec(1)<\/em><\/ol>\n<p>Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft (t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n) th\u00ec khai m\u1edf h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng (2879 - 258 tr. CN) l\u00e0 L\u1ed9c T\u1ee5c, con trai vua \u00d0\u1ebf Minh. Sau \u00d0\u1ebf Minh nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cho con tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ebf Nghi l\u00e0m vua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, v\u00e0 phong cho L\u1ed9c T\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea5y qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 X\u00edch Qu\u1ef7. B\u1edd c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00edch Qu\u1ef7 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc gi\u00e1p \u00d0\u1ed9ng \u00d0\u00ecnh H\u1ed3 (H\u1ed3 Nam), ph\u00eda nam gi\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed3 T\u00f4n (Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh), ph\u00eda t\u00e2y gi\u00e1p Ba Th\u1ee5c (T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean), ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p b\u1ec3 \u00d0\u00f4ng h\u1ea3i. Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00edch Qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m tu\u1ea5t (2879 tr. CN) v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y con g\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ed9ng \u00d0\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 Long N\u1eef \u0111\u1ebb ra L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n S\u00f9ng L\u00e3m.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5y con g\u00e1i vua \u00d0\u1ebf Lai t\u00ean \u00c2u C\u01a1, sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100 con trai. Chia 50 \u0111\u1ee9a con theo m\u1eb9 l\u00ean n\u00fai, 50 \u0111\u1ee9a con theo cha xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ec3 Nam H\u1ea3i. L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n phong cho con tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay. (2)<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo s\u00e1ch \u00d0\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed L\u01b0\u1ee3c do Ti\u1ec1n Hi T\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh, c\u00f3 ghi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"\u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Trang V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e0 Chu, n\u0103m 696-682 tr. CN, \u1edf b\u1ed9 Gia Ninh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1, d\u00f9ng \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt, \u00e1p ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf V\u0103n Lang, hi\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 V\u0103n Lang... Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18 \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng.\"(3)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7 tr. CN. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 257 tr. CN th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang b\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n t\u00ednh. T\u00ednh ra h\u1ecd H\u00f9ng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 439 n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu \u0111em ra 18 \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eddi trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 25 t\u1edbi 30 n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd H\u00f9ng cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 10 c\u1ee7a L\u0129nh Nam Ch\u00edch Qu\u00e1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 chim B\u1ea1ch tr\u0129, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y ghi r\u1eb1ng: v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi vua Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e0 Chu, H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng sai b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Vi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em chim tr\u0129 sang c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn. V\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, Chu c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ba l\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1eed k\u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean, b\u1ed9 s\u1eed xa x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"N\u0103m T\u00e2n M\u00e3o th\u1ee9 6 (nh\u1eb1m n\u0103m 1110 tr. CN) \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e0 Chu, ph\u00eda nam b\u1ed9 Giao Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ecd Vi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1eddng, qua ba l\u1ea7n s\u1ee9 d\u1ecbch, d\u00e2ng chim tr\u0129 tr\u1eafng.\"(4)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec h\u1ecd H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 800 n\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo s\u1eed k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec1n Hi T\u1ed9, trong T\u1ee9 Kh\u1ed1 To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh. L\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam S\u1eed L\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu theo s\u1eed k\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ng\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u1edd qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00eau tr\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 vua Chu \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ba l\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t, theo s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 k\u00ea c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t theo s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng H\u00e0 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng nam, l\u1eadp ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i th\u00ec theo s\u00f4ng M\u00ea k\u00f4ng, l\u1eadp ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Ti\u00eam La (Th\u00e1i Lan) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t cho r\u1eb1ng, nguy\u00ean khi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e0u c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n Tam Mi\u00eau \u1edf, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i, chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e0u, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5n d\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tam mi\u00eau ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0o r\u1eebng n\u00fai ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ecb xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. (5) Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong quy\u1ec3n V\u0103n Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i \u00d0\u1ee9c T\u1ecbnh (tr. 171 - 188) khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ngay c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00f4ng B\u00f9i \u00d0\u1ee9c T\u1ecbnh t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1i. V\u00ec d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfng Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: gi\u1ecdng tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t xu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 - M\u00e3 Lai. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Schmidt cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfng Th\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng-chi r\u1ed9ng-r\u00e3i bao tr\u00f9m c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c \u00d0\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi s\u01a1 c\u1ed5, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho t\u00f4ng chi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ''t\u00f4ng chi \u00dac - \u00c1''. Nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. B\u00e1c s\u0129 Rivet, trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1932 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft: T\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n nam ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb Nam d\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i c\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n di d\u00e2n t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c \u0111i theo h\u00ecnh r\u1ebb qu\u1ea1t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean Th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng ... Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi chung h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u00d0\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n (Oc\u00e9aniens). \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ne'gritos, Me'lane'sien (Australien), Indone'sien v\u00e0 M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1i b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u00d0\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 hai gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Me'lane'sien v\u00e0 Indone'sien. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi s\u01a1 c\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Indone'sien \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung ch\u00e2u B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Trung Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Chu (kho\u1ea3ng 1050 \u0111\u1ebfn 771 tr. CN) kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed, t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n V\u1ea1n Huy\u1ec7n t\u1ec9nh T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c Indone'sien, m\u00e0 s\u1eed gia T\u00e0u g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng Man di. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u00d0\u00e0o Duy Anh, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u00f3m Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ebfn, h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea3ng tre gi\u0103ng bu\u1ed3m, nh\u00e2n gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i v\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i nam, v\u00f9ng trung ch\u00e2u s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng M\u00e3 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d0\u1ebfn m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 N\u1ed3m, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1n. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y r\u1ea5t x\u01b0a, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi Indonesian \u1edf d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Indonesian, chi nh\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c, \u1edf v\u00f9ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ebfn. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc S\u1edf di\u1ec7t (333 tr. CN) l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n nam c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u00f3m Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ebfn di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t nam, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd \u0111em theo c\u00e1i th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c c\u0169 l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a tuy c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng Mongolic \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, nh\u00f3m Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eadu \u0111i\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ed7ng tr\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chim L\u1ea1c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng chim \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u1ed5 .(6)<\/p>\n<p>Theo nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng L\u00e9onard Aurousseau, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed s\u00e1ch Trung Hoa, th\u00ec d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c d\u00e2n B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Chi\u1ebft Giang (Trung Hoa) v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 tr. CN, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi Tri\u1ec7u \u00d0\u00e0, nh\u1edd ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i m\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u00d0\u00e0 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u1edf ph\u00eda nam x\u1ee9 Trung Hoa, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u .(7)<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng khi \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n trong b\u00e0i '' X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam'' nh\u01b0 sau: (8)<\/p>\n<p><em>\"B\u1ecdn d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ee3 B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y t\u1ed5 cho d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n \u0111i m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa, th\u00ec c\u00e1c r\u1ee3 B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng th\u1ed5 \u00e2m ri\u00eang. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec sao trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c r\u1ee3 B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y duy c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tuy sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0n n\u0103m n\u1eefa m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m, c\u00f2n th\u1eddi c\u00e1c r\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c \u1edf Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e0u b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa c\u1ea3? N\u1ebfu ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng L\u00e9onard Aurousseau, th\u00ec c\u00e1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1eady\".<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Theo \u00f4ng L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u1ee5 (9) th\u00ec d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t (C\u00e2u Ti\u1ec5n) mi\u1ec1n Chi\u1ebft Giang, sau th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n Thu b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 S\u1edf th\u00f4n t\u00ednh (333 tr. CN) \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n nam theo \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t-\u00d0\u00f4ng-H\u1ea3i v\u00f9ng \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u, M\u00e2n-Vi\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u, Nam-Vi\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng \u00d0\u00f4ng, \u00c2u-L\u1ea1c-Vi\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda nam t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u00e0o t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 Thanh Ho\u00e1 (C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n). Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee9 h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c t\u00edch t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng L\u00e9onard Aurousseau \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u1ee5 c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng(10), t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tri\u1ec1n n\u00fai t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng \u00d0\u00e0 (H\u1eafc giang) t\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng chung ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 ti\u1ebfng M\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00e2n M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd r\u00fat l\u1ea7n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c v\u00e0o s\u00e2u d\u00e3y Ho\u00e0nh S\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea4n T\u00e0u, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u. N\u00ean khi so s\u00e1nh hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng M\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng M\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 ra. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p>M\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ea1ch Bi H\u00e0 T\u0129nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<br \/>\nka Ga G\u00e0<br \/>\nk\u1ea3y G\u00e1i G\u00e1i<br \/>\nk\u1ed1k k\u1ed9k G\u1ed1c<br \/>\nka?w Ga.w G\u1ea1o<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Ki\u1ec3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i mi\u1ec1n nam Trung Hoa v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t sinh s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Sau nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, hai gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c. V\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc d\u00e2n L\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o \u1ea9n n\u00fap trong n\u00fai r\u1eebng, cao nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i B\u1eafc vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng M\u00e3 (n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch kh\u00ed H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 B\u1eafc S\u01a1n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111en \u00d0\u00f4ng S\u01a1n). Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng: '' ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n-Vi\u1ec7t'' (proto Vietnamiens)(11) , v\u00ec trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1c. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n M\u01b0\u1eddng-Vi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng P\u1edd (s\u00f4ng B\u1edd, t\u1ee9c s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng ng\u00e0y nay) trong quy\u1ec3n Cours de Langue Annamite c\u1ee7a A. Cheon, do nh\u00e0 in F-h Schneider, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1899-1901 (nguy\u00ean v\u0103n):<\/p>\n<p><em>\"Kh\u00e2y kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0103ng p\u00e2u p\u00f4. Khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ecf m\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng, th\u00ean h\u1ed1p l\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 c\u1edf hai b\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng; \u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 c\u1edf hai b\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e3 r\u00fa ra t\u1ebf n\u00e3 l\u1ea5p c\u1ea3i n\u00f3 r\u1ee7 nhau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u1eadp c\u00e1i ks\u00f4ng P\u01a1. N\u00e3 tan l\u1ebd ks\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng B\u1edd. N\u00f3 toan l\u1ea5y s\u00f4ng P\u1edd pao t\u1ea5t Th\u1ea1ch Bi. B\u01a1 n\u00e3 B\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u1ea1ch Bi. V\u1ee3 n\u00f3 m\u00ea, ti l\u00ea ks\u00fa t\u00ea, n\u00e3 l\u1ea5p m\u1edbi \u0111i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u1ea5p ks\u00f4ng. L\u00f2ng kl\u1edfi skinh tha s\u00f4ng. L\u00f2ng tr\u1eddi sinh ra m\u1ed1ch \u00f4ng h\u1ed1p l\u00e0 \u00f4ng S\u00e1ch; m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng S\u1eaft; me thu\u1ed7ng m\u00ea th\u1ebfch p\u00e2t b\u1edfi m\u00f3i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi th\u00e1ch v\u1eadt v\u1edbi \u00f4ng T\u00f9ng. N\u00e3 me pao l\u00f2, n\u00e3 \u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o l\u00f2; n\u00f3 t\u1ecf ming n\u00e3 p\u00e2t \u00f4ng T\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf m\u00ecnh n\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u1eadt \u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng. \u00d4ng T\u00f9ng m\u00ea ch\u1ea9i h\u1ebft m\u00ecng, \u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, m\u00ea ch\u1ebft. Cho \u0111\u00ean c\u1ea3i ks\u00f4ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i s\u00f4ng d\u1ec9 ch\u0103ng l\u1ea5p \u1ea3n, m\u00ea d\u00eanh c\u1ea3i c\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edbi n\u00ean c\u00e1i Th\u00e1c p\u1edd d\u1ec9. Th\u00e1c b\u1edd \u1ea5y.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00d0\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch xen k\u1ebd l\u1eabn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng M\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i m\u1ea1o mu\u1ed9i vi\u1ebft ra hai b\u1ea3n M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng M\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"Kh\u00e2y kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0103ng p\u00e2u p\u00f4, c\u1ecf m\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng th\u00ean h\u1ed1p \u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 c\u1edf hai b\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e3 r\u00fa ra t\u1ebf n\u00e3 l\u1ea5p c\u1ea3i ks\u00f4ng P\u01a1. N\u00e3 tan l\u1ebd ks\u00f4ng P\u1edd pao t\u1ea5t Th\u1ea1ch Bi. B\u01a1 n\u00e3 m\u00ea, ti l\u00ea ks\u00fa t\u00ea n\u00e3 l\u1ea5p ks\u00f4ng. L\u00f2ng kl\u1edfi skinh tha m\u1ed1ch \u00f4ng h\u1ed1p l\u00e0 \u00f4ng S\u00e1ch me thu\u1ed7ng m\u00ea th\u1ebfch p\u00e2t b\u1edfi \u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng. N\u00e3 me pao l\u00f2, n\u00e3 t\u1ecf ming n\u00e3 p\u00e2t \u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng. \u00d4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng m\u00ea ch\u1ea9i h\u1ebft m\u00ecng, m\u00ea ch\u1ebft. Cho \u0111\u00ean c\u1ea3i ks\u00f4ng d\u1ec9 ch\u0103ng l\u1ea5p \u1ea3n, m\u00ea d\u00eanh c\u1ea3i c\u1ea5y c\u00e1i Th\u00e1c p\u1edd d\u1ec9.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u0103n d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"Khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00f3 r\u1ee7 nhau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u1ea5p c\u00e1i s\u00f4ng B\u1edd. N\u00f3 toan l\u1ea5y s\u00f4ng B\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u1ea1ch Bi. V\u1ee3 n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u1ea5p s\u00f4ng. L\u00f2ng tr\u1eddi sinh ra m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng S\u1eaft m\u1edbi xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi th\u00e1ch v\u1eadt v\u1edbi \u00f4ng T\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o l\u00f2, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecf m\u00ecnh n\u00f3 v\u1eadt \u00f4ng T\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng T\u00f9ng m\u1edbi ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i s\u00f4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edbi n\u00ean c\u00e1i Th\u00e1c b\u1edd \u1ea5y.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ebf Ng\u0169 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00eau gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, khi x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng M\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 :(12)<\/p>\n<p><em>m\u1ed9t Hai ba tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00fai s\u00f4ng tr\u00e2u g\u00e0 t\u1eb1m \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>m\u00f3c Hai pa tl\u00f2y t\u1ea5t n\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng tlu k\u00e0 th\u1ea3m \u0103n l\u00e1 t\u00f4<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ed5 \u1ea5y, v\u1ec1 sau, trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: \"d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 lai l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u00d0\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1i l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y.\" (13)<\/p>\n<p>Trong quy\u1ec3n Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c M\u00e3 Lai C\u1ee7a D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam(14), \u00f4ng B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u00f4ng, vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 s\u1eed kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi vi\u1ebft s\u1eed. V\u00ec vi\u1ebft s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 s\u1eed th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm t\u00f2i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc (Anthropologie physique). Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c th\u00ec khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn 3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch sau:<\/p>\n<p>Khoa Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<p>Khoa Kh\u1ea3oTi\u1ec1n S\u1eed<\/p>\n<p>Khoa Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef T\u1ef7 Hi\u1ec7u (\u00c9tudes comparatives des Langues)<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ta c\u1ee9 ng\u1ee1 l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 lai gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec7n B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec5n \u00d0\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia, ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc gia, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng Kari Himy cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f3 b\u00e0 con v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng M\u00f4n<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng H. Maspe'so b\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef v\u00e0o chung v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i ng\u1eef<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng E. Souvignet cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi M\u00e3 Lai<\/p>\n<p>Bs. Reynand nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng Mi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng nhau qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n<p>Gs. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 S\u1eed gia Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfng ta l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u<\/p>\n<p>Sg. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n S\u01a1n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef + Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1920 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng \u00d0\u00f4ng S\u01a1n t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng pha k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau \u1edf c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt L\u1ec7, s\u00f4ng Gianh, s\u00f4ng C\u1ea3, s\u00f4ng M\u00e3, s\u00f4ng \u00d0\u00e0, s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb, s\u00f4ng L\u1ec7. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi c\u1ed5 m\u1ed9 \u00d0\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f9y t\u00e1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau kh\u00e1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh theo s\u1ed1 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng (40- 43) \u0111\u1ebfn 32 n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng qua \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, v\u00ec r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta r\u1ed3i sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. M\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau, khi khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 tre \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u00e0 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u1ed5 m\u1ed9. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng ch\u00f4n theo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. H\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u, \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 hay c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c Indone'sien. Indone'sien, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng, M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai m\u00e0 ra nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ee7ng C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai ph\u00e1t t\u00edch t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, hay n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t quanh ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Himalaya (Hi-Malaya c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00fai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Malaya).<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb 6000 n\u0103m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n, d\u00e2n C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai t\u1eeb quanh cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea9y lui th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c Melane'sien \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea4n (Ch\u1ee7ng Melane'sien ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 th\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea4n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y di t\u00edch \u1edf kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Hoa v\u00e0 \u00d0\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1). N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m th\u00ec b\u1ecb d\u00e2n Aryen x\u00e2m l\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n Indone'sien di c\u01b0 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1, sang Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sang Madagascar \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd di d\u00e2n sang \u00d0\u00f4ng \u1ea4n, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u00d0\u00f4ng \u1ea4n h\u1ecd \u0111i sang Hoa Nam (Trung Hoa), ho\u1eb7c \u0111i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n sang \u00d0\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p (danh t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ai-Lao, Cao Mi\u00ean).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2500 n\u0103m sau, d\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t quanh n\u00fai Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n (Himalaya) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a Xy V\u01b0u t\u1edbi Hoa B\u1eafc (Trung Hoa). Nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1eedu L\u00ea g\u1ed3m 9 nh\u00f3m, l\u00e0m b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 Hoa B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u t\u1eeb T\u00e2y B\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Hi\u00ean Vi\u00ean x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. D\u00e2n C\u1eedu L\u00ea thua v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i, chia l\u00e0m hai: chi \u00c2u v\u00e0 chi L\u1ea1c. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 chi \u00c2u v\u01b0\u1ee3t Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nam thi\u00ean, c\u00f2n chi L\u1ea1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i chia hai, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, s\u1ed1 kia theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n sang \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u00e0n, Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n, \u00d0\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 \u00d0\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. R\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Hoa B\u1eafc th\u00ec d\u00e2n chi \u00c2u chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n n\u00fai r\u1eebng \u1edf Hoa Nam , c\u00f2n d\u00e2n chi L\u1ea1c th\u00ec chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i \u1edf Hoa Nam v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c d\u00e2n th\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng chung h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n n\u00e0o t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n g\u1ed1c C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c chi. Theo s\u1eed T\u00e0u th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba nh\u00f3m L\u1ea1c: L\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Tr\u00e3i b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ee3 \u00d0\u00f4ng Di, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n \u1edf s\u00f4ng B\u1ed9c, t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n \u00d0\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 B\u1eafc; L\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Chuy b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ee3 Khuy\u1ec3n Nhung, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng L\u1ea1c (Thi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y Ba Th\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0y nay con s\u00f4ng L\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 Th\u1ee7y); v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 M\u00e3, b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ee3 Nam Man ch\u1ec9 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Hoa Nam. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, \u0111\u1ea5t Ng\u0169 L\u0129nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00d0\u00f4ng \u00c2u, M\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 C\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed9c, ta thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ba n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Trong ba n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, T\u00e2y \u00c2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, g\u1ed3m ba qu\u1eadn Nam H\u1ea3i (Qu\u00e3ng \u00d0\u00f4ng), Qu\u1ebf L\u00e2m (Qu\u00e3ng T\u00e2y) v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1eadn (ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa Qu\u00e3ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 V\u00e2n Nam). Theo b\u1ee9c d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ethnolinguistico Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia do Human Relations Area Files Yale University xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00ec T\u00e2y \u00c2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng M\u00e3 Lai m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u00c2u. Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi b\u1ecb Hoa t\u1ed9c l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 ba qu\u1ed1c gia B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i nam thi\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan ng\u00e0y nay. Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 '' t\u1ef1 do, tho\u00e1i kh\u1ecf\u00ed'. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ngu ho\u1eb7c Ng\u00ea-U. Ti\u1ebfng Quan tho\u1ea1i phi\u00ean \u00e2m danh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00ea-U. Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nho \u0111\u1ecdc sai ra l\u00e0 \u00c2u, ch\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 Ngu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i Lan, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1edfi Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u00e0 theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Theo nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u00c2u C\u01a1 v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n C\u1eedu L\u00ea, khi b\u1ecb Hi\u00ean Vi\u00ean x\u00e2m l\u0103ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i chia hai, chi \u00c2u chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n n\u00fai r\u1eebng (\u00c2u C\u01a1 l\u00e0 Ti\u00ean \u0111em con l\u00ean n\u00fai) v\u00e0 chi L\u1ea1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, ven bi\u1ec3n (L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n \u0111em con xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n). C\u1ea3 ba L\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i C\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ta m\u1edbi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebfng M\u00e3 Lai nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t. \u00d0\u1ecba b\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng d\u00e2n C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai b\u1ecb d\u00e2n T\u00e0u l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i nam thi\u00ean. T\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb T\u00e0u x\u00e2m l\u0103ng l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf C\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n chinh ph\u1ee5c. L\u1ea7n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e1nh th\u00e2n, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e0u, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c r\u00fat l\u00ean r\u1eebng n\u00fai, r\u1ed3i v\u00ec kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 phong th\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n canh t\u00e2n n\u00ean nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb th\u00e1i h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u phong t\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai h\u01a1n d\u00e2n ta, k\u1ebb \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c xa, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft M\u00e3 Lai c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay:<\/p>\n<ol>\n1. Tr\u1ed1ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng:<\/ol>\n<p>D\u00e2n ta v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eadm, x\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, nhu\u1ed9m r\u0103ng, b\u00fai t\u00f3c, ch\u00edt kh\u0103n, t\u1ee5c th\u1edd th\u1ea7n \u00c2m D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1ee5c th\u1edd Th\u1ea7n Tr\u1ed1ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Sau th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng thau x\u01b0a \u1edf B\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t nam c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t nam ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy r\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00d0\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng Nam Trung Hoa gi\u00e1p ranh gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt \u1ecfi v\u00e0 k\u00e9m m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m v\u1eadt n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t-Hoa, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ed1ng th\u00e2u l\u01b0\u1ee3m t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111em v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>Trong s\u00e1ch \u00d0\u1ea1i Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed(15) ghi: <em>\"N\u00fai \u00d0\u1ed3ng C\u1ed5: c\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 n\u00fai Kh\u1ea3 Lao \u1edf c\u00e1ch huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean \u00d0\u1ecbnh 16 d\u1eb7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y .... Ph\u00eda t\u1ea3 n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u1eb7ng ch\u1eebng 100 c\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u1ecfng 2 th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5c, chi\u1ec1u cao ph\u1ecfng 1 th\u01b0\u1edbc 5 t\u1ea5c, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 ch\u00edn v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ed1n tr\u00f2n, chung quanh l\u01b0ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i v\u0103n ch\u1eef 'v\u1ea1n', b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 v\u0103n ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u0103n t\u1ef1 khoa \u0111\u1ea9u. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c, L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u00d0\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \"N\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, vua Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 L\u00fd d\u1ef1ng mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd Th\u1ea7n \u00d0\u1ed3ng C\u1ed5 S\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ch\u00f9a Th\u00e0nh Th\u1ecd. H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i d\u00e0n binh l\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng th\u1ec1... \".<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Trung Hoa x\u01b0a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0: (16)<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ch B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nguy\u00ean L\u01b0u D\u01b0 V\u0103n H\u00f3a, L\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00e2n ghi: \"Th\u1eddi c\u1ed5, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ch H\u1eadu H\u00e1n Th\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n 54 th\u1eddi H\u1eadu H\u00e1n c\u00f3 ghi \u1edf m\u1ee5c M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<p>\"M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n th\u00edch c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a. L\u00fac sang \u0111\u00e1nh Giao Ch\u1ec9, ra l\u1ec7nh t\u1ecbch th\u00e2u tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac ng\u1ef1a ki\u1ec3u.\"<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ch Chu Phi\u00ean Ch\u00ed, Tri\u1ec7u Nh\u01b0 Qu\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ch L\u0129nh Ngo\u1ea1i \u00d0ai \u00d0\u00e1p, Chu Kh\u1ee9 Phi, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u K\u00fd, T\u00e1n Th\u01b0 Tr\u1ea5n Th\u1ee7, Th\u1ee7y Kinh Ch\u00fa, Linh Bi\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c Di \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ghi: <em>\"Man, Di l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng V. Goloubew \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong t\u1eadp k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu B.E.F.E.O vol XXXIII, n\u0103m 1933 nh\u01b0 sau: <em>\"L\u00e0ng An-N\u00ea, huy\u1ec7n An \u00d0\u1ecbnh, t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n M\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1ee7 Qu\u00e3ng, g\u1ea7n b\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f2 An \u00d0\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a sang s\u00f4ng M\u00e3, c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 0,85 v\u00e0 cao 0,58th. Tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh, b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i d\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng...\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng R. Mercier th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u00d0\u00f4ng S\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a, S\u01a1n T\u00e2y, B\u1eafc Ninh, H\u00e0 \u00d0\u00f4ng, Nam \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 y nh\u01b0 nhau. \u00d4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7n L. Finot. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fac nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e1p m\u1ed1i. B\u00ean h\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 280 v\u1ebft \u0111en h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00e2y m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng th\u1ee3 \u00d0\u00f4ng S\u01a1n xa x\u01b0a. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m hai c\u00e1i khu\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1i nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1i l\u1edbn, hai c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng 1\/2 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u00fac g\u1ed7. Khi \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng pha v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, g\u1ed7 ch\u00eam b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u00ean h\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng Mercier n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh cao nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fac b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadt t\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chim L\u1ea1c (theo \u00f4ng \u00d0\u00e0o Duy Anh \u0111\u01b0a ra) th\u00ec \u00f4ng B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, v\u00ec ch\u1eef L\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 Tr\u00e3i, b\u1ed9 Chuy v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 M\u00e3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft theo d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 \u00d0i\u1ec3u, ch\u1ec9 lo\u00e0i chim. Theo \u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u1eadt t\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ta ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a l\u00e0 c\u00e2y cau, nai, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, giao long b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt \u00d0\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, phong t\u1ee5c, c\u1ed5 t\u00edch vv... Danh hi\u1ec7u V\u0103n Lang c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i cau c\u00f3 s\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai x\u00e2m m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<ol>\n2. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac:<\/ol>\n<p>Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, do \u00f4ng Pajot nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec5n \u00d0\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i b\u1edd s\u00f4ng M\u00e3 n\u0103m 1927, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn 17 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang 1938, nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 V. Goboulew m\u1edbi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n nh\u00e0. V\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t c\u00e1i cao 4,50 th\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u00e0n cao 1 th\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u00e1i nh\u00e0 d\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi s\u00e0n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u1eeda ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed5 ra \u1edf g\u00f3c h\u1ed3i. S\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng tre s\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tre gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7m vong \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. S\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ednh ( lo\u1ea1i s\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ecdc ng\u1ef1a, mi\u1ec1n Trung g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u00d0inh). H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1i cong qu\u1edbt l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai v\u00e0 Kim M\u00e3 Lai.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m, c\u0169ng g\u1ed1c M\u00e3 Lai, gi\u1eef l\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch. Lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Thang-gi\u01a1. Danh t\u1eeb Thang-gi\u01a1 do ti\u1ebfng M\u00e3 Lai Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tanga m\u00e0 ra, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thang. D\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<ol>\n3. T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m M\u00e3 Lai th\u1edd m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u00f4ng tr\u1eddi. Ngay c\u1ea3 M\u00e3 Lai Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng th\u1edd n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1ee5c th\u1edd d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00e2m v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng M\u00e3 Lai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u00e0i l\u00e0ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t (b\u00e1o Ng\u00e0y Nay, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Toan \u00c1nh v\u00e0 L\u00ea Quang Nghi\u00eam). T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u1edf B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Trung Vi\u1ec7t. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00ean Nh\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<ol>\n4. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd<\/ol>\n<p>D\u1ef1a theo ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd r\u00fat t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n \u00c9tat actuel de la cr\u00e2nologie indochinoise c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 P. Huard, F. Saurin, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u00d0\u1ee9c - H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1938 - th\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1ed1c M\u00e3 Lai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd tr\u00ean 80, nh\u01b0 M\u00e3 Lai, Th\u00e1i, B\u1eafcVi\u1ec7t, Cao Mi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u00e0n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi 80.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m M\u00e3 Lai B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi T\u00e0u qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea7n d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng Melanesien, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd Trung Hoa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng Th\u00e1i. C\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi T\u00e0u tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n Nam lai T\u00e0u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<ol>\n5. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef7 hi\u1ec7u<\/ol>\n<p>Theo \u00f4ng B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh t\u1eeb M\u00e3 Lai trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e0m, Mi\u00ean, M\u01b0\u1eddng, Th\u00e1i m\u00e0 do t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai m\u00e0 ra. \u00d4ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng b\u00e0i b\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u c\u1ee7a s\u1eed gia Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong quy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u1eddi Khai Sinh, trang 230, s\u1eed gia Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ebft: <em>\"H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay, sau 10 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, trong Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 xen v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed1c T\u00e0u, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng M\u1ecdi, ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m, c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p trong kho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\".<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng theo \u00f4ng B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c th\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u th\u00ec t\u1ef1u chung ta ch\u1ec9 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ea1, v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ta d\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a, v\u1eady th\u00ec sao ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 xem c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Man di c\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 L\u00e1, Tr\u0103ng, Ng\u1ef1a, Ch\u00f2i, T\u00fap, C\u01a1m, Tr\u00e2u, C\u00e1, B\u00f4ng, Chim, Vua, C\u00e2y d\u1eeba vv... ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef T\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a M\u1ecdi l\u00e0m chi. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5, l\u00fac hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, t\u1ee9c ta v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh khi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00e0m th\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng Kh\u01a1 Me, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng Kh\u01a1 Me th\u00ec c\u0169ng Th\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1i th\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng danh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7ng C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u00fat ra t\u01b0\u00f8 quy\u1ec3n NGMLCDTVN c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng:<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : C\u00e1<br \/>\nS\u01a1 \u00d0\u0103ng : Kaa<br \/>\nM\u1ea1 : K\u00e1<br \/>\nCh\u00e0m : K\u00e1n<br \/>\nM\u00e3 Lai : Aka<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : C\u1ed9t<br \/>\nS\u01a1 \u00d0\u0103ng : K\u01a1t<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : K\u01a1\u01a1t<br \/>\nCh\u00e0m : Kaat<br \/>\nM\u00e3 Lai : Ikaat<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : M\u1eaft<br \/>\nS\u01a1 \u00d0\u0103ng : Mat<br \/>\nM\u1ea1 : Maht<br \/>\nCh\u00e0m : K\u00e1n<br \/>\nM\u00e3 Lai : Mata<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : M\u1ea1t tl\u0103ng<br \/>\nM\u1ea1 : Maht k\u0103n<br \/>\nCh\u00e0m : Bla\u0103ng<br \/>\nM\u00e3 Lai : Bul\u0103ng<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : S\u00f4ng<br \/>\nCh\u00e0m : Krong<br \/>\nM\u01b0\u1eddng : Kh\u00f4ng<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : Kr\u00f4ng<br \/>\nM\u00e3 Lai : S\u00f4ngai<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : Tr\u00e1i (bl\u00e1i)<br \/>\nM\u01b0\u1eddng : Bl\u00e1i<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : Pl\u00e2y<br \/>\nS\u01a1 \u00d0\u0103ng : Pl\u00e2y<br \/>\nThai : Pho la<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : Ch\u00e1u<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : Sa\u00f2<br \/>\nM\u1ea1 : S\u00e1u<br \/>\nM\u01b0\u1eddng : Cau<br \/>\nM\u00e3 Lai : Chu<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : Chim<br \/>\nS\u01a1 \u00d0\u0103ng : Chim<br \/>\nM\u01b0\u1eddng : Chim<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : S\u00ea\u00eam<br \/>\nKha?La'V\u00e0ng : Ti\u00eam<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : Con (c\u00e1i)<br \/>\nM\u01b0\u1eddng : Kon<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : Koon<br \/>\nS\u01a1 \u00d0\u0103ng : Kooon<br \/>\nCao Mi\u00ean : K\u00f4n<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : Con (v\u1eadt)<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : Ko<br \/>\nM\u1ea1 : Ko<br \/>\nCao Mi\u00ean : Ko<br \/>\nM\u01b0\u1eddng : Ko<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : Ng\u00e0y<br \/>\nCao Mi\u00ean : Thngay<br \/>\nM\u01b0\u1eddng : Ngai<br \/>\nS\u01a1 \u00d0\u0103ng : Haai<br \/>\nM\u00f4n : Tngay<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam : Con ru\u1ed3i<br \/>\nM\u1ea1 : Ko Rhai<br \/>\nB\u00e0 Na : Ko Rooi<br \/>\nM\u01b0\u1eddng : Ko Ruu\u00eai<br \/>\nCao Mi\u00ean : Ko Ruy<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00fd th\u00fa trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb Khai \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 con ch\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con c\u1ecdp. Theo c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o L. Cadi\u00e8re th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t x\u01b0a c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi con ch\u00f3 l\u00e0 Khai, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb con C\u1ea7y. Danh t\u1eeb B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, C\u00e1i l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb M\u00e3 Lai, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng cha h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, \u00f4ng cha th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh. Hi\u1ec7n nay M\u00e3 Lai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb Ibu La'ki, \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i, v\u00ec Ibu=b\u1ed1, La'ki=C\u00e1i, Ibu La'ki c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>Danh t\u1eeb La'ki c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Lai bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh L\u00ecc\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 C\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t. Danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam \"ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i\", c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1n nam b\u00e1n n\u1eef, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 do danh t\u1eeb Ch\u00e0m m\u00e0 ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \"C\u00e0may lagi l\u00ecc\u00e1y\" d\u1ecbch ra l\u00e0 \"\u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng\". Ta nu\u1ed1t m\u1ea5t ch\u1eef C\u00e0may lagi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n L\u00ecc\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh L\u1ea1i C\u00e1i. Hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i sai l\u00e0 \"\u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i\", ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u sai ch\u1eef C\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u00d0\u00e0n b\u00e0. Ngay c\u1ea3 danh t\u1eeb Th\u1ee3 C\u00e1i, S\u00f4ng C\u00e1i, ho\u1eb7c trong l\u00fac ch\u01a1i b\u00e0i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m C\u00e1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef T\u00eda \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb Tia c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Th\u1ea5t M\u00e2n, M\u00e3 Lai \u0111\u1ee3t II. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o M\u00e3 Lai \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i l\u00e0 T\u01b0a, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cha v\u1ee3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Cha nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng sai.<\/p>\n<ol>\n6. \u00d0\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o M\u01b0\u1eddng<\/ol>\n<p>G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec theo \u00f4ng B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Indonesien (C\u1ed5 M\u00e3 Lai) t\u1eeb h\u01a1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c M\u00e3 Lai th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o r\u1ed3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d0\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n M\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Les M\u01b0\u1eddng, G\u00e9ographie humaine et Sociologie c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 Jeanne Cuisinier do Vi\u1ec7n D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc, B\u1ea3o T\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Paris n\u0103m 1946.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9c \u1edf tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng M\u00e3 Lai m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng Th\u00e1i, trong khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ta. C\u00f4 J. Cuisinier cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan Lang, c\u00e1c th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i t\u1ec1 th\u00ec xinh \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n b\u1ea7n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i c\u0169ng b\u00e9 cho\u1eaft v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u x\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb Hoa Nam nam thi\u00ean cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 theo k\u1ecbp, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Melane'siens da \u0111en x\u1ea5u x\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n Melane'sien cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5, khi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 l\u1edbn lao x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c ch\u1ebft d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Cho n\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng go\u00e1 v\u1ee3 hay thanh ni\u00ean th\u00ec l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n th\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m v\u1ee3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00ec v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau:<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Ti\u1ebfng M\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n<p>Ba h\u1ed3n b\u1ea3y v\u00eda con \u0111\u00f9a (con trai), con g\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1, c\u00f9ng m\u1eb9, \u0103n c\u01a1m, \u0103n c\u00e1<br \/>\nPa h\u1ed3n p\u1ea3i pi\u00e1i on t\u1ee9a, on kai, no t\u1ec9 v\u00ean kung p\u00f4, kung m\u00e8, \u0103n k\u01a1m \u0103n ka<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1 \u01a1i ch\u1ebft b\u1ecf ta l\u00e0m sao v\u1eady, th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0103n \u0111\u00e2u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u b\u1ed1 \u01a1i<br \/>\nP\u00f4 \u01a1i ke\u00e1t b\u00f4 ta la no p\u00f2, th\u00e2n h\u00f2 \u0103n no \u1edf no p\u00f4 \u01a1i!<\/p>\n<p>\u0102n ra kh\u00f3i n\u00f3i ra l\u1eeda<br \/>\n\u0102n za khu\u00ea n\u00f3i za l\u1eeda<\/p>\n<p>\u00d0\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ec9 xa ma s\u1ee3<br \/>\nT\u00ea co kwi sa ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3i<\/p>\n<p>V\u00eda l\u00faa \u01a1i, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee5n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 \u1edf<br \/>\nPi\u00e1i l\u00f3 \u01a1i, v\u00ean tun v\u00ean nh\u00e0 ma \u1edf!<\/p>\n<p>C\u01a1m nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng<br \/>\nK\u01a1m nh\u01b0 yang rong<\/p>\n<p>Danh t\u1eeb Vua, th\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Bua. Tr\u1eddi, th\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Bl\u1eddi. C\u00e1c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Bua, Bl\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00e2m Tr, m\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec thu\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n M\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m Tr. Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Tlai k\u00e2y, Tr\u00e1i ngang h\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Pl\u00e1i ngang, Tr\u00e2u h\u1ecd k\u00eau l\u00e0 Tlu vv...<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khai qu\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc b\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m g\u1eady th\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e3 g\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 L\u00ea V\u0103n Lan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean x\u1ee9 M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng g\u1eady th\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4 J. cuisinier c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng nhu\u1ed9m r\u0103ng \u0111en, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0103n tr\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn. Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quan Lang m\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 tia c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i sao tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec t\u1ecf r\u00f5 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng quan Lang \u1ea5y, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 7,8 tia m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cho ta nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Qua \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00ed v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 suy ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn hay \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>T\u0129nh T\u00fac<\/strong><br \/>\nthanh.nguyen@student.uni-ulm.de<\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<em>(1) Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c S\u1eed Di\u1ec5n Ca, L\u00ea Ng\u00f4 C\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u00d0\u00ecnh To\u00e1i, tr.48<\/p>\n<p>(2) Vi\u1ec7t Nam S\u1eed L\u01b0\u1ee3c, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, tr. 11-12, Anh h\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i, MTQGTNGPVN, tr. 43<\/p>\n<p>(3) Vi\u1ec7t Nam Tinh Hoa, Th\u00e1i v\u0103n Ki\u1ec3m, tr. 36<\/p>\n<p>(4) Vi\u1ec7t Nam Tinh Hoa, Th\u00e1i v\u0103n Ki\u1ec3m, tr. 146 - 147<\/p>\n<p>(5) Vi\u1ec7t Nam S\u1eed L\u01b0\u1ee3c, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, tr. 5<\/p>\n<p>(6) Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u00d0\u00e0o Duy Anh, 1950.<\/p>\n<p>(7) T\u1ea7m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ef1 \u00d0i\u1ec3n, L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u1ee5, tr. 11<\/p>\n<p>(8) Nam Phong, s\u1ed1 110, th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1926<\/p>\n<p>(9) T\u1ea7m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ef1 \u00d0i\u1ec3n VN, tr. 12<\/p>\n<p>(10) Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef, tr. 19<\/p>\n<p>(11) Vi\u1ec7t Nam Tinh Hoa, tr. 100-101, tr. 155-158<\/p>\n<p>(12) M\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a A. Ch\u00e9on trong Note linguistique sur les Muong, BEFFEO, T5, tr, 338-339<\/p>\n<p>(13) T\u1ea7m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ef1 \u00d0i\u1ec3n, L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u1ee5, tr. 13<\/p>\n<p>(14) Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c M\u00e3 Lai C\u1ee7a D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Xu\u00e2n Thu xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<p>(15) \u00d0\u1ea1i Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed - Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ee9 Qu\u00e1n Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, quy\u1ec3n 2, tr. 255, 288<\/p>\n<p>(16) M\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a Phan H\u01b0ng nh\u01a1n, Di\u1ec5n \u00d0\u00e0n Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef 183 - 1999, trong b\u00e0i \"Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u00d0\u00f4ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ed1ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng\".<\/em><\/ol><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf. C\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng vong c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao, c\u00e0ng v\u0103n minh th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ef1. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, ng\u00f3t n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c, c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i. T\u1eeb B\u1eafc ch\u00ed Nam, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng th\u1ed5 \u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef hay ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat sai bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i, nghe v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u1eady ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 bao gi\u1edd!? Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u!? Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u1ea1i l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau?! Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-suu-tam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6517"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6517\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}