{"id":5482,"date":"2011-09-03T14:45:45","date_gmt":"2011-09-03T07:45:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lamthien.byethost24.com\/?p=5482"},"modified":"2011-09-03T14:45:45","modified_gmt":"2011-09-03T07:45:45","slug":"v%e1%bb%81-giai-tho%e1%ba%a1i-cay-den-treo-ng%c6%b0%e1%bb%a3c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=5482","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ec1 giai tho\u1ea1i \u201cC\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n treo ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2026\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u giai tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai \u0111\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng xem \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n theo ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1863 do Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9, Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 66 n\u0103m, tr\u00ean t\u1edd tap ch\u00ed Trung B\u1eafc Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 17.10.1943, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o Trinh Nh\u1ea5t (1950-1951), ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, k\u00fd s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 sau khi \u0111i Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u201cchuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d nh\u01b0:
\n\u201c\u0110\u00e8n th\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea7u, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng (\u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n), gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdt l\u00ean cao (n\u01b0\u1edbc phun trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean) v.v.\" <\/em>Vua kinh d\u1ecb giao cho \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00e0n. C\u00e1c quan b\u00e0n xong t\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

-\u00a0\u201cQuy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1eeda b\u1ed1c l\u00ean cao, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. B\u1ecdn Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n b\u1ecb h\u1ecd b\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 qu\u1ef7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1ng m\u1eaft<\/em>\u201d. (theo Trung B\u1eafc Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt, 17.0.1943).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o Trinh Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u00fd!), ta th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eadp T\u00e2y H\u00e0nh Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd (Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111i T\u00e2y \u2013 NK\u0110T) do Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea3n duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ghi ch\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y trong chuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng du sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110o\u00e0n kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 27.6.1863 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u Europ\u00e9en, \u0111i qua Poulu Con-dor, T\u00e2n-ga-ba (Singapore), Sumatra, T\u00edch-Lan, Aden, Ai-C\u1eadp, J\u00e9rusalem, La-M\u00e3, Corse\u2026 Ng\u00e0y 13.9.1863 \u0111\u1ebfn Paris sau khi qua Toulon v\u00e0 Marseille. Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 5.11.1863 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Napol\u00e9on III \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n Tuileries.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb 10.11.1863 \u0111\u1ebfn 22.11.1863 \u0111i th\u0103m T\u00e2y-Ban Nha r\u1ed3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1, qua \u00dd-\u0110\u1ea1i-L\u1ee3i. Ng\u00e0y 2.12.1863, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd (th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9) y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u1edf Roma. Ng\u00e0y 18.3.1864 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1edb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 28.3 \u0111\u1ebfn Hu\u1ebf, ba h\u00f4m sau Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 d\u00e2ng T\u00e2y H\u00e0nh Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd l\u00ean vua t\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y t\u1eebng gi\u1edd. Tuy chuy\u1ebfn du ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n 9 th\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch cho ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, phong t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00e2y h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Minh M\u1ea1ng. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1823, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea3n nh\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i s\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ghi t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng n\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn. S\u1eafc cho B\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 t\u1eeb nay truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi han d\u00e2n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hay b\u1ecb \u0111au kh\u1ed5, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tai bi\u1ebfn hay c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh th\u00ec ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>\u201d (Theo Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, s\u0111d, tr 56)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn giai thoai l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00f3i tr\u00ean:
\nTrong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Marseille, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: \u201cQu\u00e1n b\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 tr\u0103m ph\u00f2ng, b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf, m\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng g\u1ea5m, \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed. Ban \u0111\u00eam th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00ed s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n n\u1ebfn (c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00ed, l\u1ea5y than \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9a l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i); c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng s\u1eaft; \u1ed1ng s\u1eaft d\u1eabn kh\u00ed ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n; ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng nh\u01a1 ng\u1ecdc). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch trong qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n s\u00e1u ch\u1ee5c, chia nhau l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p<\/em>\u2026\u201d (NK\u0110T, s\u0111, tr 130)<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quan c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n:
\n\u201cNg\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng s\u00e1u\u2026 \u0110\u00eam \u1ea5y, gi\u1edd Tu\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i m\u1eddi ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xem \u0111\u00e8n: hai b\u00ean v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t s\u1eaft (c\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhau ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao n\u0103m, s\u00e1u th\u01b0\u1edbc), tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t m\u1eafc \u0111\u00e8n pha l\u00ea th\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t. \u1ede c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, m\u1ed7i gian \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n treo th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng; ph\u00eda trong c\u1eeda k\u00ednh, b\u00e0y la li\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng s\u1eaft cong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 g\u1ed7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u1ed1ng pha l\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed5ng, c\u00f3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ngang tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng pha l\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y<\/em>\u2026\u201d (NK\u0110T, s\u0111d, tr 148)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh phun n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd vi\u1ebft:
\n\u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i (\u2026) N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed3n hoa; trong th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa: c\u1ee9 v\u00e0i d\u00e3y ph\u1ed1 th\u00ec ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf c\u00f3 hoa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y phun n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u00e0y gh\u1ebf d\u1ef1a v\u00e0 gh\u1ebf d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 du ngo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed<\/em>\u2026\u201d (s\u0111d, tr 142)
\n(Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0 r\u1eeda \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh!)<\/p>\n

Qua nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t am hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb than \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201ckh\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc phun ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y phun n\u01b0\u1edbc.
\nC\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam, giai tho\u1ea1i tr\u00ean k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n treo ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n b\u00f3ng tr\u00f2n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u00f3c, ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cs\u00e1ng t\u00e1c\u201d trong giai tho\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: khi s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 sang Ph\u00e1p (1863-1864) th\u00ec nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Thomas Edison (1947-1931) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 16 tu\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i th\u00eam 16 n\u0103m n\u1eefa (1879) Edison m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n!<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n chuy\u1ec7n \u201cng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi\u201d n\u01b0\u1edbc phun l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 m\u00e1y phun n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Khang Hy (1662-1729), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 200 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec3 phun n\u01b0\u1edbc phun trong ng\u1ef1 vi\u00ean do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i s\u1ee9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc phun, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n sang T\u00e2y m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft?!
\nAi c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t say m\u00ea khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Quang Uy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft:
\n\u201cKhoa hoc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, t\u1ea1o ra n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong th\u01a1 \u00f4ng, th\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng sinh kh\u00ed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX<\/em>\u201d (NK\u0110T, tr 38). Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1874 \u0111\u1ebfn 1880, khi gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ef1 T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ea3i Y\u00ean ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng l\u00fd Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef T\u00e2y cho Nha Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t quan ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea1o cho cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u00f4ng cho d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n H\u1ea3i H\u1ecdc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng <\/em>(c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Gia Long nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda); cho in l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0: B\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u00e2n bi\u00ean <\/em>(v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc); Khai m\u00f4i y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p<\/em>(khai m\u1ecf); H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i kim ch\u00e2m<\/em>(c\u00e1ch \u0111i bi\u1ec3n); V\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p (giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c)<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Th\u1ef1c L\u1ef1c ch\u00e9p:
\n\u201cTh\u00e1ng 5 nhu\u1eadn, 1876, Nha Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecbch Ph\u00e9p di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp s\u00fang T\u00e2y d\u00e2n l\u00ean<\/em>\u201d.
\nT\u1ef1 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch T\u1eebng ch\u00ednh di quy v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh cho in nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch: \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ea7u thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3c; C\u00e1ch v\u1eadt nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n<\/em>\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i T\u00e2y H\u00e0nh Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u00f3:\u00a0 Gi\u00e1 Vi\u00ean To\u00e0n T\u1eadp <\/em>(g\u1ed3m 26 quy\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u00fa, bi\u1ec3u, lu\u1eadn, k\u00fd, minh\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh\u2026) T\u00e2y Ph\u00f9 Thi Th\u1ea3o, Li\u1ec7t tri\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3 to\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu, B\u1eafc qu\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 ni\u00ean th\u1ee9, B\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u li\u1ec7t th\u00e1nh s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y phun n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cgh\u00ea g\u1edbm\u201d c\u1ea3, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh (c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb quan \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng) cho l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u201cb\u00e0y tr\u00f2 qu\u1ef7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1ng m\u1eaft<\/em>\u201d!<\/p>\n

B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a giai tho\u1ea1i, trong t\u1eadp \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed\u201d LM Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:
\n\u201cT\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng sai l\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00e2y:
\nHo\u1eb7c v\u00ec ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt cho th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi si\u00eau ph\u00e0m, hay l\u00e0 v\u1ebd v\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed;
\nHo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t th\u00e2u th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay l\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n;
\nHo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, \u0111em nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c;
\nHo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 sau th\u00eam v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3;
\nHo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00f3 l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 khi c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u\u2026\u201d <\/em>(Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed, s\u0111\u0111. Tr 137);<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean sai l\u1ea1c.
\nGiai tho\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u201cs\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u201d li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o\u2026<\/p>\n

Theo Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y nay<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u giai tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai \u0111\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng xem \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n theo ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1863 do Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9, Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 66 n\u0103m, tr\u00ean t\u1edd tap ch\u00ed Trung B\u1eafc Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 17.10.1943, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o Trinh Nh\u1ea5t (1950-1951), ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, k\u00fd s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 sau khi \u0111i Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u201cchuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d nh\u01b0: \u201c\u0110\u00e8n th\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-suu-tam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5482\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}