Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, cho t\u1edbi khi t\u1edd Nam Phong kh\u1edfi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng S\u1edf Cu\u1ed3ng L\u00ea D\u01b0, L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1edbc, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 danh tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng T\u1eeb Ng\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 cho nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941 \u1edf Hu\u1ebf cu\u1ed1n \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9\u201d. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o \u0110\u0103ng V\u0129 d\u1ecbch \u00edt b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u0103ng \u1edf b\u00e1o \"La Patrie Annamite\", kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u hay ai \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng V\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 et Son Temps\u201d.<\/p>\n
Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 1961, \u00f4ng \u0110\u1eb7ng Huy V\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft chung v\u00e0 cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19\u201d. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, t\u1eadp san \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d c\u0169ng cho \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n N\u1ecdn, Ho\u00e0ng Nam, H\u1ed3 H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110\u1eb7ng Huy V\u1eadn, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Minh L\u1ec7,\u2026<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u1edf trong Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00f4n vinh Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0n v\u00e0 V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u,\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra Tinh Vi\u1ec7t V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cH\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9\u201d. C\u00f2n tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tr\u00ecnh B\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m Th\u1ebf Nguy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Gia Tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca ng\u1ee3i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u201cN\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1eed gia Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef \u0111\u0103ng trong s\u1ed1 33-35, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1971 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1972.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1988, Lm Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 - con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 di c\u1ea3o\u201d ( t\u1eadp I). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay. N\u0103m 1991, Trung T\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 - con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 di c\u1ea3o\u201d (T\u1eadp I \u2013 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1992, Trung T\u00e2m H\u00e1n N\u00f4m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho ra cu\u1ed1n \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d do nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. \u1ede h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, n\u0103m 1998 nh\u00f3m Giao \u0110i\u1ec3m cho ra m\u1eaft quy\u1ec3n \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 - th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 di th\u1ea3o\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng T\u1ed9, do \u00f4ng L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1: \u201c\u00d4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i thi v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gia T\u00f4, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1nh l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m.\u201d Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ca t\u1ee5ng, t\u00f4n vinh \u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi , h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 xa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u1ea5y v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n\u201d; \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 ngang v\u1edbi Khang H\u1eefu Vi c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u\u201d; c\u00f2n \u00f4ng T\u1eeb Ng\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ed1i ren nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng bia \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ec3 c\u00f2n \u00edt.\u201d C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng s\u00e2u n\u1eb7ng v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec d\u00e2n\u201d. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao vua quan th\u1eddi T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nghe theo Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m sau n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi \u00f4ng v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i cao cho vua quan tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n
\u0110a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 canh t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung trong b\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, m\u1ea1t s\u00e1t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngu d\u1ed1t, phong ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7,\u2026 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nghe l\u1eddi canh t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 n\u00ean m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tay th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft b\u1ecba ra l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n \u0111i s\u1ee9 sang Ph\u00e1p, l\u00fac tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh cho vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u201cl\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf t\u01b0\u1eddng ra\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u00e8n ch\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d th\u1ebf m\u00e0 vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f2n u m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nghe l\u1eddi \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 m\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111em c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecdc sinh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 1883, \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 1882, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 1871. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00f3 ra sao. C\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Thomas Edison, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1879, ch\u00e1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1879, \u00f4ng cho t\u0103ng voltage, n\u00f3 t\u1eaft li\u1ec1n (At 1:30PM on October 21, Edison decided to increase the voltage. Not until then did the bulb burned out). Ph\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0m b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n, contact, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2026\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 gia v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. <\/em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eddi \u00f4ng Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c? <\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u00e1o th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n NGUY\u1ec4N TR\u01af\u1edcNG T\u1ed8, \u00d4NG L\u00c0 AI?<\/strong><\/p>\n V\u1ec1 n\u0103m sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, Lm Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ec1 n\u0103m sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 th\u00ec theo L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u00e0i trong b\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 ti\u00ean sinh, ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u0111\u0103ng trong Nam Phong s\u1ed1 102 v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 sinh n\u0103m 1828, Minh M\u1ea1ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9 9. Ri\u00eang Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1eedu, con trai Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i n\u0103m sinh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c 24\u2026 th\u1ecd 41 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 n\u0103m sinh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c 24, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1871, v\u00e0 th\u1ecd 41 tu\u1ed5i, th\u00ec n\u0103m sinh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 1830 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 1828. Ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c. Trong b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 do \u00f4ng L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1860 \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 33 tu\u1ed5i. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110inh V\u0103n Ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 sinh n\u0103m 1818 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft l\u00fac 43 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n \u00d4ng T\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t l\u00fac \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1eedu v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18 th\u00e1ng, c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 l\u00fac l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 n\u00f3i b\u1edbt tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu vui l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb th\u00ec sao? Cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 sinh n\u0103m 1828 hay 1830 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a tin, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1858, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng sinh n\u0103m 1839, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1868, t\u1ee9c 29 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 sinh n\u0103m 1828 hay 1827, hay 1826 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 sinh n\u0103m 1830 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n Trong Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n, L\u00ea V\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u1ee5 ghi n\u0103m sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1827. Trong Th\u00e0nh Ng\u1eef \u0110i\u1ec3n T\u00edch Danh Nh\u00e2n T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh V\u0103n Thanh, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 sinh ng\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1eddng Jean Jaques Rousseau v\u00e0 Leuret \u1edf Saigon, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2an th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u1edd sinh ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o hay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m sanh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1818. N\u0103m sanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd , v\u00ec l\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n - Trong Di Th\u1ea3o s\u1ed1 6, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 vi\u1ebft: Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec ch\u00e2n t\u00f4i b\u1ecb t\u00ea b\u1ea1i s\u1eafp th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb ph\u1ebf nh\u00e2n, n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda ra m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft, tinh th\u1ea7n bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n - Trong Di Th\u1ea3o s\u1ed1 7, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft: T\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u00ea th\u1ea5p ch\u01b0a kh\u1ecfi<\/p>\n - Trong Di Th\u1ea3o s\u1ed1 8, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 vi\u1ebft: T\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb1m \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m, nay 10 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 5, 6<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay y khoa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh phong th\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 rhumatisme articulaire aigue, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 acute articular rheumatism. B\u1ec7nh phong th\u1ea5p hay t\u00ea th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea9y ra \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, kho\u1ea3ng 45 tr\u1edf l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa th\u00ec tim s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft trong kho\u1ea3ng 10 n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 b\u1ecb t\u00ea th\u1ea5p t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1863 hay \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1864 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1871, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau 7 n\u0103m b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 53 tu\u1ed5i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103m sanh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1818 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Trong t\u1edd tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh Th\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u1ee7a ba \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng T\u00e1 Vi\u00eam, Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea3n, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u0103ng trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 - con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 di th\u1ea3o\u201d n\u0103m 1988, Lm Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, trang 478 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1991, n\u01a1i trang 189, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1edd tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh th\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 An, do l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vua h\u1ecfi th\u0103m tung t\u00edch c\u1ee7a H\u1eadu, T\u1ed9. Sau khi ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ng\u00f4 Gia H\u1eadu (Gauthier), ba \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng T\u00e1 Vi\u00eam, Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea3m v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u1edd tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n - L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i t\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, nay l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n cho gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c T\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, x\u1eed l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u do y c\u1ea3 (quy\u1ec3n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n 1988, trang 478).<\/p>\n - L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i t\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n cho gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c T\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u do y c\u1ea3 (quy\u1ec3n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1991, trang 189). T\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ecf \u0111i ch\u1eef T\u1ed9.<\/p>\n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi: Gia H\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1eady?<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e1p: T\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb khi thuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh, l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u0103ng lui t\u1edbi T\u00e2y so\u00e1t t\u00ecm vui (quy\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1991, trang 189) nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean b\u1ecf \u0111i ch\u1eef T\u1ed9.<\/p>\n T\u1edd tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26-4-1870. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ng\u00f4 Gia H\u1eadu (Gauthier) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a T\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 n\u1eefa n\u00ean ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef k\u00edn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng T\u1ed9, g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c\u2026 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e1p ng\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u linh m\u1ee5c k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i tr\u00e1o tr\u1edf khi gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c H\u1eadu n\u00f3i: \"Gia H\u1eadu nh\u00e2n y n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y tr\u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a \u0111oan \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/p>\n L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: Y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed1n theo t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec m\u00e0 b\u00e0n l\u1ebfu l\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i (trang 189-478). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c H\u1eadu \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng cho \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1870, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c H\u1eadu cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n cho Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ed m\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n l\u1ebfu l\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, k\u1ebb tr\u00e1o tr\u1edf\u2026<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 Lm Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ba n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00d4ng c\u1ed1 che gi\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u1ea9n \u00fd g\u00ec? \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cGi\u00e1o s\u0129 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 Hernaiz) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c hay gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tu s\u0129 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n s\u0129 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129, nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu ng\u1ed1c theo \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5y ban khen.\u201d Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5 ta g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai ch\u1eef tu s\u0129 cho c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea9n \u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1edf , g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o gian, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi Jesuit l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y tu D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u01b0u manh l\u01b0\u01a1n l\u1eb9o n\u00ean sau n\u00e0y T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef Jesuit nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1eadp m\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/p>\n V\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1858 n\u00ean \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ecbch, ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1eedu l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n LINH M\u1ee4C NGUY\u1ec4N TR\u01af\u1edcNG T\u1ed8 L\u00c0 NG\u01af\u1edcI Y\u00caU N\u01af\u1edaC?<\/strong><\/p>\n Linh m\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gia-T\u00f4, l\u00fac sanh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i (bapt\u00eame). Ghi t\u00ean v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia Vatican. N\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u1edf tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3. M\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u1edbi nu\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. Cho n\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng khi vi\u1ebft: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1861, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Saigon (l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ph\u00e1p) v\u1edbi ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111em nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (?) canh t\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1 m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (NTT, t\u1eadp I, trang 220. \u1ede v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i phi Gia-T\u00f4, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf khi c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m l\u00e0 l\u0103n x\u1ea3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7m ki\u1ebfm c\u1ea7m s\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7m b\u00fat nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u, c\u1ee5 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 Gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 nam nhi.<\/p>\n T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u201cH\u1ed2 TR\u01af\u1edcNG\u201d l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Tr\u00e1c c\u0169ng b\u00f4n ba n\u01a1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ph\u00e1p. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i B\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 du h\u1ecdc \u1edf Nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u d\u1ef1ng bia k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng Asaba Sakitaro \u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft tin t\u1ee9c g\u00ec c\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Phong Di l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf to\u00e0 kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 Hu\u1ebf (H\u1ed3i K\u00fd \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e1i Mai, trang 236). C\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi hai \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Tr\u00e1c v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i B\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n g\u1eedi l\u00ean vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1858, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e2n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng canh t\u00e2n t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n c\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng V\u0169 Duy Khu\u00ea th\u1eddi vua Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 cho t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 do bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, vua Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u1eed m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n sang Ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfp, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 trong H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o vua Minh M\u1ea1ng t\u00e0n \u00e1c, v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u1ecd tr\u00f4ng mong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p \u0111em chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m qua bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec vua Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb l\u00ean thay. N\u0103m 1847, Lapierre v\u00e0 Rigault de Genouilley \u0111em chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng b\u1eafn \u0111\u1eafm 5 thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ta. Trong \u201cD\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u1ef1 Thu\u1ef7 M\u1ea1t\u201d c\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ean 5 t\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Kim \u0110\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1ea5n B\u1eb1ng, Linh Ph\u1ee5ng, Th\u1ecd H\u1ea1c, V\u00e2n B\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u0103m 1851, \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 qua Macao, sang H\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp, b\u00e0y la li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng. L\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111i chuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh cho vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. N\u0103m 1856, khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea7u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7y Nh\u1ea1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft tri h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c khen th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u00e2m Duy Ngh\u0129a, L\u00ea Danh \u0110\u1ec1, Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn Th\u1ecd, Ho\u00e0ng v\u0103n Tuy\u1ec3n, Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh,\u2026<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ph\u00e2n chia ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n s\u0129, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i ho\u00e1, khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf, \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang,\u2026 vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ban h\u00e0nh d\u1ee5 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf hoang, cho ph\u00e9p Chu Tri\u1ec7u K\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng An B\u1ea3o \u1edf Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean,\u2026 Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua th\u00f4ng minh ham t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia T\u00e0u mua s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 Hong Kong Daily Press, Pekin Gazette v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch t\u00e2n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, sau n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 in, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n H\u1ea3i H\u1ecdc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng in m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e2n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n - B\u00e1c V\u1eadt T\u00e2n Bi\u00ean (kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean)<\/p>\n - Khai M\u00f4n Y\u1ebfu Ph\u00e1p (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai m\u1ecf)<\/p>\n - H\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i Kim Ch\u00e2m (k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i bi\u1ec3n)<\/p>\n - V\u1ea1n Qu\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p (c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/p>\n - V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n T\u00e2y H\u00e0nh Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd ( nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111i T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng)<\/p>\n \u00d4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh in c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n: \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ea7u Thuy\u1ebft L\u1ef1c, Danh Ho\u00e0n Chi L\u01b0\u1ee3c, C\u00e1ch V\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp M\u00f4n th\u00ec b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 kinh, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf d\u1edf v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 5-2-1882.<\/p>\n Theo s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u trang 14 cho bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00fac vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1862, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 40 v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u do s\u1ef1 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay l\u00f4ng l\u00e1. B\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 3-6-1859 trong ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, trang 51, cho bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean r\u1eebng th\u00ec d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 th\u00ec d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia T\u00f4 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n, ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec t\u00e0u Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n T\u1ea7u \u00d4 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. Th\u00f9 trong gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp an ninh v\u00e0 lo ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd lo \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u1eefa. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1863, khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 g\u1eedi l\u00ean, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e2n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u r\u1ed3i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea: Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tin nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u y \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb\u2026 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf, khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ed3i\u201d ( L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy\u1ec3n 2, trang 62)<\/em><\/p>\n Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 an ninh, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Yoshihary Tsuboi, sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh: Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111i vay ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia H\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00ed th\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/em> (N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Trung Hoa 1847-1885, trang 277- Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c: L\u2019empire Vietnamien face \u00e0 la Frace et \u00e0 la Chine 1847-1885 do Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch ra Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef). Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i vay ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i nh\u1edd cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nay ti\u1ec1n l\u1eddi c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0o v\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n, Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng, M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. N\u00f3i th\u00ec d\u1ec5, l\u00e0m m\u1edbi kh\u00f3. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 V\u0129nh Sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng canh t\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb K\u1ebf D\u01b0 trong \u201cDoanh Ho\u00e0n Chi L\u1ee5c\u201d v\u00e0 Ng\u1ee5y Nguy\u00ean trong \u201cH\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u201d.<\/p>\n Th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 n\u0103m 1863, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf lu\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ta ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p: S\u1ef1 th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ho\u00e0. Ho\u00e0 th\u00ec tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd Tr\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn gian ngh\u1ecbch, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 hay kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n cho Charner l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Charner kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y Saigon m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng giao d\u1ecbch ra to\u00e0n Nam K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1ec9nh ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y\u201d (Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng canh t\u00e2n, trang 75). \u00d4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ph\u00e1p \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1861 h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 5, 1862, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n k\u00fd m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha? Trong hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0: \"Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u00fd c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3ng ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n sau n\u00e0y: \u201cD\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Anh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd Anh \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p\u201d \u201cNh\u1edd k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ly gi\u00e1n h\u1ecd\u201d \u201cNh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1ecd\u201d. <\/em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho Anh hay M\u1ef9 hay \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gauthier g\u1ecdi, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean tr\u00e1o tr\u1edf. Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 phu\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1859, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1edbi Trung Hoa t\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00fd Thu\u1eadn Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c. Tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Ch\u00ed T\u00edn, \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecd, T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Th\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Dao v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o. K\u1ebft q\u1ee7a l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh V\u00e0 H\u1eefu Ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1862 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1863 \u00f4ng m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao, trong khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1862, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u1ed3i.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00d4ng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e0 vua n\u00ean d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, linh m\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea: \u201cLi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d Trong Di Th\u1ea3o 12, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 b\u00e1o tin gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gauthier c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn gi\u00fap \u0111i Ph\u00e1p thu\u00ea th\u1ee3 th\u00e0y v\u00e0 mua m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gauthier c\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3n r\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 l\u1ecdng che nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quan l\u1edbn trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 bi\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef sang Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap d\u1ea1y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ea5n, Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u1eb1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110i\u1ec1u , Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2u,\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nghe theo.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao, v\u00e0o to\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Anh hay \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111i g\u1eb7p l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u1edf Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 thi th\u1ed1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, tri h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e0nh ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eb1ng n\u00f3i ph\u00e9t th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o nh\u1edd gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c thi, nh\u1edd gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gauthier v\u00e0 \u00f4ng m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ra sao? \u00d4ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai linh m\u1ee5c: Lm Th\u00f4ng (Montrousies) v\u00e0 Lm \u0110\u00f4ng (Renault) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Hernatz \u0111i\u1ebfc n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p. \u0110em v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i g\u00ec? \u00d4ng c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 n\u00ean ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u1edf b\u00ean Ph\u00e1p, th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c La Grandi\u00e8re \u0111em qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n ba t\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Long, An Giang v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean.<\/em> \u1ede Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft nh\u0103ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n \u201cT\u1ebf c\u1ea5p b\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u\u201d g\u1eedi v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i hay c\u00f3 v\u0103n th\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p, b\u1ed9 Ng\u1ecdai giao Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc k\u00fd ng\u00e0y 5-6-1862, ngang nhi\u00ean chi\u1ebfm ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y Nam K\u1ef3. L\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n Trong Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, T\u1eadp I, trang 67, Lm Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n cho bi\u1ebft trong Di Th\u1ea3o s\u1ed1 51, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cHi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n ba b\u1ed1n t\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, xin \u0111\u1ee3i 6 th\u00e1ng g\u1eedi l\u00ean\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft th\u00eam ba b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u1eefa, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 54 \u0111ang d\u1edf dang\u2026 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y 22-11-1871. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 58 b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u01a1. V\u1eady b\u1ea3n d\u01b0 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft?<\/p>\n Trong \u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf lu\u1eadn\u201d, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 vi\u1ebft: \u201cH\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u vi\u1ec7c v\u00f5 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thua ai c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i, hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi uy phong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 xe s\u1eaft.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 cho th\u00eam v\u00e0o hai ch\u1eef \u201cxe s\u1eaft\u201d. Chi\u1ebfc xe s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 do Anh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914, th\u1eddi \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed5, th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f3 xe s\u1eaft? N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i (Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n trang 105). Trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u, trang 18, c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 55 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri \u201cnh\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng lo\u201d \u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt sang chi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2u? \u00d4ng T\u1ed9 ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 1871, n\u0103m 1872 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe l\u1eeda Tokyo-Osaka v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1871 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt g\u1ed3m 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tham quan \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 n\u0103m 10 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi h\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch canh t\u00e2n. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf canh t\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh?<\/em> B\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941, th\u1eddi \u00f4ng T\u1eeb Ng\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n, \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u00f3 cha Cadi\u00e8re, \u0111ang ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 1971, \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o \u0110\u0103ng V\u1ef9 vi\u1ebft trong B\u00e1ch Khoa s\u1ed1 359 ng\u00e0y 15-12-1971 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: \u201cX\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Y \u0110\u1eb1ng B\u00e1c V\u0103n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Y \u0110\u1eb1ng B\u00e1c V\u0103n v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 g\u1eb7p nhau ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft do c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u00ec d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 mau ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng V\u0129nh Sinh c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh Y \u0110\u1eb1ng B\u00e1c V\u0103n v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e2u n\u00f3i sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o: \u201cK\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u00ed th\u00ec \u00f4ng h\u01a1n t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hai n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd h\u00f2a t\u00f2an th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.\u201d Ng\u00f2ai ra c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 g\u1eedi l\u00ean vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u2026 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ra ngo\u00e0i cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e2u; th\u1ebf m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n h\u01b0\u01a1u t\u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb canh t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u00edt g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,\u201d v.v\u2026<\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y nay bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n NGUY\u1ec4N TR\u01af\u1edcNG T\u1ed8 H\u1ee4T L\u00c0M VUA<\/strong><\/p>\n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pellerin v\u00e0 Gauthier v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Hu\u1ebf, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u00e2n tr\u00e0o. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tu, k\u1ebb gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a 600,000 (s\u00e1u tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n) gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Gia T\u00f4. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pellerin c\u00f2n thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh cho \u1ee6y Ban Cochinchine (\u1ee6y Ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Nam B\u1ed9), gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t An Nam th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gia T\u00f4 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ng\u1ea3 theo qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i An Nam\u201d. Khi Rigault de Genouilly t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pellerin \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh. Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u00ean b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u. Trong \u201cD\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u1ef1 Thu\u1ef7 M\u1ea1t\u201d c\u00f3 ghi: \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1eafp lu\u1ef9 t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i lu\u1ef9 Ph\u00fac Ninh-Th\u1ea1c Gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea9m\u2019, c\u1eafm ch\u00f4ng nh\u1ecdn, ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1t r\u01a1m l\u00ean tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t cho qu\u00e2n mai ph\u1ee5c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec7n H\u1ea3i. Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng chia ba ng\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u1ee5c binh ta v\u00f9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u00e1nh, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y s\u1ee5p h\u1ed1, b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n ta b\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y. C\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1n, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi 100 quan\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1858, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng Nam d\u00f9ng s\u1ecdt tre, th\u00f9ng g\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea5p s\u00f4ng V\u0129nh \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0o kinh \u0111\u00f4. Rigault de Genouilly c\u00f3 800 qu\u00e2n g\u1ed3m 300 qu\u00e2n Tagals (l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u00ea Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n) t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 500 qu\u00e2n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7. Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1858, \u00f4ng T\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gauthier \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng g\u1eb7p qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pellerin, linh m\u1ee5c Croc, c\u00f3 t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 Ho\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Hu\u1ebf cho ch\u00f3ng d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m (Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 di th\u1ea3o, trang 22). Rigault de Genouilly hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p cho tin kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra Rigault de Genouilly c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd : \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 vua hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gia T\u00f4 l\u00ean cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 200\/1\u201d (Paris Xu\u00e2n 96 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean V\u0169, trang 194). Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1edfi \u00e1o linh m\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh l\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam thay vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd; c\u1edfi \u00e1o linh m\u1ee5c, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y L\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tin d\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n n\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n. \u00d4ng h\u1ee5t l\u00e0m vua, h\u1ee5t l\u00e0m t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean quay ra vi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e2n v\u1edbi vua quan trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cC\u00e1i kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecng b\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a ti\u1ec7n thi h\u00e0nh, nay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn l\u00fd th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng v\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1c \u0111i v\u00ec th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb c\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ea7n Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d (Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 t\u1eadp I, Trang 65-66) v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng vua quan nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 \u201cBi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1 \u01a1n vua\u201d (NTT, trang 282), \u201cNg\u00f4i vua l\u00e0 qu\u00ed , ch\u1ee9c quan l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng\u201d (NTT, trang 174), \u201cT\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh\u201d (NTT, trang 170), \u201cL\u1ea1i t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh\u201d (NTT, trang 184).<\/p>\n [Khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong b\u00e0i \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 so\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eddi B\u00e1o (Houston, Texas), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng L\u00ea Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i \u0103n ph\u1edf \u1edf M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e3 than: Ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eeba ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n l\u1eeba<\/strong>.]<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eddi B\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n Ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eeba ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n l\u1eeba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-suu-tam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5468\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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