{"id":4646,"date":"2010-11-22T00:17:43","date_gmt":"2010-11-21T17:17:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lamthien.byethost24.com\/?p=4646"},"modified":"2010-11-22T00:17:43","modified_gmt":"2010-11-21T17:17:43","slug":"ph%e1%bb%a5-n%e1%bb%af-vi%e1%bb%87t","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=4646","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00ecn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>B\u00e0i d\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII, trong quy\u1ec3n On &amp; Off Duty in Annam c\u1ee7a Gabrielle M. Vassal, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n n\u0103m 1910.  T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, theo ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 qu\u00e2n y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p sang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Pasteur \u1edf Nha Trang h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20.  B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p An Nam, c\u00f3 nh\u1eadt k\u1ef3 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n B\u1ed9 D\u00e2n Lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 th\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng.  Lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d; nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 An Nam khi l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i An Nam, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa, h\u00f4n th\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 may r\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a s\u1edf th\u00edch hay t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t.  C\u00f3 l\u00fd do t\u1ed1t cho t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.  H\u00f4n th\u00fa x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf tu\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm.  S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u; v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con trai l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u, v\u00e0 cho con g\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n.  Theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam, c\u00e1c tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o l\u00fac sinh ra, v\u00e0 hai tu\u1ed5i \u1edf T\u1ebft g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ee9a h\u00f4n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.  S\u1ef1 h\u1ee9a h\u00f4n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.  N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac ngay v\u00e0o l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4n th\u00ea ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt.  N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9a h\u00f4n, anh ta s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4n th\u1ebf.  N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb h\u1ed3i h\u00f4n, c\u00f4 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4n phu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t.  Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y b\u00e0 c\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u.  Anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u mang v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1eeb Anh Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.  Anh ta c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.  Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u1ea3n \u00e1n treo c\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu anh ta c\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 g\u00f3a c\u1ee7a anh em trai.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u00f4n h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e1n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao cho c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh s\u00e2u xa v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee5c th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0y t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u1edbi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra y nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ban c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9c tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam, y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean Brahman [gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng l\u1eef qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch] c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 linh thi\u00eang.  N\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ban cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean do trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111a h\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c con th\u1eeba t\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng sinh con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf An Nam cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi con r\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u1ee7a x\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch con r\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c g\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec s\u1ebd thay cho k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edfng gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u00edch trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u trai b\u00ean n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 anh em h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, y nh\u01b0 b\u00ean Hy L\u1ea1p hay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>Trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, \u201cph\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecfa\u201d bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n chia theo ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ea3 hay \u0111\u1ee9a con trai nu\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 [v\u1eabn] th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng. Theo v\u0103n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c con g\u00e1i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em Trung Hoa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u201cD\u1ecbch Kinh\u201d [ch\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch], h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 ly d\u1ecb. C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y l\u00fd do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho s\u1ef1 ly d\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa. C\u00e1c l\u00fd do n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con, d\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, ghen t\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eafm l\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u00e1c t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 c\u00f9i h\u1ee7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh phong. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m lu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ly d\u1ecb v\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trong s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3; \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf v\u1ee3 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean c\u1edb n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho s\u1ef1 ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh; v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 tang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb mang ra ch\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb voi d\u1ea7y cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft.  B\u00e0 ta b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi l\u1edbp m\u00e0n \u0111en. Con voi khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra, x\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 x\u00e9 x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eb7p ng\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p] \u0111em b\u00e1n v\u1ee3 \u0111i hay ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 man r\u1ee3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ebfm hoi h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p gian d\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e8 cho tr\u00f4i s\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 nhau, tay v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhau, v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e9t v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi h\u00f4i h\u00e1m. Phong t\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y nay nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ly d\u1ecb v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 An Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecfi theo lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n phu ph\u1ee5. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng khi mua hay b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong vi\u1ec7c ghi c\u1ea3 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh. Th\u00f4n X\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 trong s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u201cLy-hi\u201d [L\u1ec5 K\u00fd ?, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch] hay s\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed.. \u201cH\u00f4n l\u1ec5 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau, trong m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111i theo c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u0103n minh An Nam, sau khi vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh Trung Hoa trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nay c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n An Nam, theo Luro [m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p sang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tai \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch], l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u1ebb mong c\u00f3 n\u00f3. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 can thi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mai m\u1ed1I kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c h\u00f4n th\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mai m\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u1edbn, \u00f4ng ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, quen bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi l\u1ec1 nghi. \u0110\u00e0ng trai tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mai m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 g\u00e1i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh cho cha m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh thanh ni\u00ean s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd t\u00ean, tu\u1ed5i, ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i. Khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0y b\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 xem hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau hay kh\u00f4ng. Nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t lo l\u1eafng cho cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 e s\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mai m\u1ed1i \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y c\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, cha m\u1eb9 g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c b\u1ed5 sung l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00ean t\u1ed5 tri\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo sau b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e2n h\u00e0o trong th\u00f4n x\u00e3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang theo c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 g\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea7u cau, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c \u2026N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, k\u1ebb c\u1ea7u mong k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con r\u1ec3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o, anh ta sau \u0111\u00f3 sinh s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb h\u00f4n th\u00ea. Trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quay l\u1ea1i th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4n th\u00ea cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ee9a h\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 nghi l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. Trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa anh ta l\u1ea1i d\u00e2ng tr\u1ea7u cau, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111eo tay, l\u1ee5a m\u00e0u, hai c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecf, hai ch\u00e9n r\u01b0\u1ee3u nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con heo quay nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec r\u1ea5t vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang theo l\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5i s\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb h\u00f4n th\u00ea, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd, c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp l\u00ean, v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 ra c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e9n. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00e1i l\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd, k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 hai b\u00e0 m\u1eb9. M\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nghi th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, k\u1ebft th\u00fac bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f2n long tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Cha c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng trai t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9a con s\u1eafp \u0111i l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba ch\u00e0ng trai s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u00f4n th\u00ea.  Ch\u00e0ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gia nh\u00e2n b\u01b0ng qu\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 bao quanh b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n. Sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2y qu\u1ea7n quanh b\u00e0n th\u1edd. H\u00f4n phu t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh b\u00e1i l\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7u cau. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 cha c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng trai \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c qu\u00e0 d\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f4i tr\u1ebb sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c cha m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd ch\u00fac \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng con ch\u00e1u v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3n \u0111\u1eddi.  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac long tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5. Khi x\u01b0a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb v\u00e9n kh\u0103n che m\u1eb7t l\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t n\u00e0ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd b\u00e1i l\u1ea1y b\u1ed1n l\u1ec5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddI v\u1ee3.  H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e9n r\u01b0\u1ee3u cho nhau, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i t\u00e2n h\u00f4n s\u1ebd tham d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u00edt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111a th\u00ea c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam th\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u xa. Nh\u00e0 Vua An Nam c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 l\u1edbn lao, nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n hay n\u0103m b\u00e0 v\u1ee3.  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3, b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n hay quan ch\u1ee9c du h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i trung t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, [v\u1edbi] ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cho m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111a th\u00ea x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 sinh ph\u00e1i n\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n do \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00f2ng d\u00f5i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t: \u201cv\u1ee3 ch\u00e1nh\u201d.  B\u00e0 ta n\u1eafm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.  B\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 \u1ea5m.  T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 l\u1ebd, gia nh\u00e2n, v.v\u2026. \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi b\u00e0; m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n ph\u1ee5c b\u00e0.  Th\u1eddi gian c\u01b0 tang khi b\u00e0 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 ba n\u0103m, trong khi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0 tang m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a con ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.  L\u00fac c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng ng\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1 [th\u1eeba k\u1ebf].  B\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng. Ph\u1ea7n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em chia cho c\u00e1c con ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 An Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.  Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam, c\u00e1c k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3.  M\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i An Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, trong \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t.  Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ch\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 An Nam, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho con trai. Em g\u00e1i nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 An Nam. Xem ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m lu\u1eadt An Nam, tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.  N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a phong t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i nh\u1ecf An Nam do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 l\u00e3nh \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.  N\u1ebfu cha m\u1eb9 em ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 cho em, em l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 ngu d\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.  Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a th\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n; tr\u00ed nh\u1edb th\u1eddi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb th\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1edfi ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u01a1 \u1ea5u.  C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 em g\u00e1i nh\u1ecf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em gi\u1eef s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch k\u1ebf to\u00e1n hay tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap trong m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t.  Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngay ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho con g\u00e1i trong kh\u1eafp c\u00f5i An Nam.  C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c em g\u00e1i m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i.  V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 quan t\u1ea1i S\u00e0ig\u00f2n v\u00e0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 sau, v\u00e0i c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1edfi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tinh kh\u00f4n trong vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Trung Hoa l\u1ea1i hay ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 An Nam.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tay ch\u00e2n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1 b\u1edbt ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o cho vui, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n, kh\u00e2u v\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.  H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i hay th\u00eau th\u00f9a, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi m\u00f3ng tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdc d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 10 hay 15 ph\u00e2n!  H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ca h\u00e1t v\u00e0 cho \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef An Nam, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c b\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng c\u00e1c con nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00fa em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng.  M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i hay r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng con nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Hoa l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 l\u1ebd trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebb c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o thu nh\u1ecf.  M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u00e1p \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea7u cau.  Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00ec gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1eafm r\u1eeda, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y; c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 t\u1eafm r\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5m b\u00f3p, m\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u00f3ng tay \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f4i s\u01a1n, c\u00e1c y ph\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c th\u1eed, ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn cho b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 sau h\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1eddi khi soi g\u01b0\u01a1ng.  B\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 h\u00fat m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 nh\u1ecf m\u1ecfng manh.  B\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m cung, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng v\u1ee3 c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.  Nh\u01b0ng th\u00fa ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadm x\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf An Nam c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gi\u1edd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.  Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n bao quanh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 n\u1eef ph\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.  C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 An Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua.  Trong khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ba b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ea5t h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn ch\u00faa thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec th\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1ed1, b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng trong ho\u00e0ng cung.  Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m n\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee7ng \u00e1i trong tri\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0o h\u00e1t, ca n\u1eef, v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay lui t\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh.  Nh\u00e0 Vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i [tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c th\u1ecb].<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a An Nam c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, \u201c\u1edat n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u1edbt ch\u1eb3ng cay, G\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 g\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng hay ghen ch\u1ed3ng \u201c [trong nguy\u00ean v\u0103n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1 b\u00f3ng b\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 sau: Where is the pimento that is not peppered? Where is the woman who is not jealous?, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch].  S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 ganh \u0111ua gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 trong cung \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.  Nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong Tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u00ecnh. Trong b\u1ea7y thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i An Nam, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u ngh\u1ec7, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00e9t tinh x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a trang ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng.  M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng.  Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng l\u01a1i, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u00ecnh, trang ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c cho s\u1edf th\u00edch may r\u1ee7i. C\u00e1c s\u1eafc d\u1ee5 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5a may v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u00eau. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>Khi t\u1eafm r\u1eeda xong, b\u00e0i ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ra, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n trong h\u1ecd cho m\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ecdc trong cung v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe say m\u00ea c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u hay c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh. Thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00fat li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, trong khi c\u00f9ng l\u00fac h\u1ecd u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c b\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9t g\u1eebng. C\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n hoa l\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e1p \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea7u cau. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u1ee7ng \u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Gia hi\u1ebfm bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, hay trong c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho t\u00f4i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u1edf x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u201cph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh th\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra.\u201d Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng ta. \u201cNgo\u00e0i ra,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam, \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u00e1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a eo kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n, b\u1edfi n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn hay qua nh\u1ecf, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u00f2a h\u01a1p.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3c d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111en nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i xoan d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u00e9t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa th\u00edch khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2n.  V\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ph\u00e1i nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c n\u00e9t g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f2 m\u00e1 nh\u00f4 cao.  Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, \u201cM\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau th\u00ec s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft ph\u1ee5ng, l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong thanh t\u00fa v\u00fat ra nh\u01b0 m\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con t\u1eb1m.  G\u00f3t ch\u00e2n n\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 son.\u201d  C\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eaft ph\u1ee5ng, \u201cEye of an eagle\u201c<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e0y t\u1eb1m, \u201ceyelash of a silkworm\u201d<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f3t son, \u201cHeel like red ink\u201d [c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch ra Anh ng\u1eef l\u00e0 trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch]<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i li\u1ebfc nh\u00ecn ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a con chim ph\u1ee5ng; nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u m\u1edbi t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9t cong l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y! V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 g\u00f3t h\u1ed3ng, g\u00f3t son \u0111\u1ecf th\u1eafm, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t ph\u1ea5t b\u00fat nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 ti\u00ean! S\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, mang t\u00ednh An Nam r\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. L\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 s\u1eafc d\u00e2n n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef An Nam l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f4i gi\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, hay mang m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc d\u00e9p t\u00ed hon ch\u1ec9 che ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa khi\u1ebfu th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Thi\u00ean Tri\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che d\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong y ph\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi An nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 g\u00f3t son.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf, ng\u00f3n tay ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00e0 thon.  C\u1ed5 tay tr\u00f2n l\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 n\u00e9t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam c\u0169ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i -- h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u00eam tai.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch \u0111i v\u00e0 d\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef An Nam th\u00ec thanh nh\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t.  Ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp \u0111i, m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1edbc cao, ng\u1ef1c \u01b0\u1ee1n, kh\u00f4ng mang v\u1ebb c\u1ee9ng ng\u1eafc hay khoe m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i tay \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e1 l\u00fam \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec mang v\u1ebb quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.  Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh [B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t], N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 39 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 36 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean.  B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi em g\u00e1i, Tr\u01b0ng Nh\u1ecb. Khi Trung Hoa m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, hai v\u1ecb n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn oanh li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hay \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m, hay trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean tai to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn lao, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng H\u1eadu Nhi\u1ebfp Ch\u00ednh, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c M\u1eb9 Vua hay \u201cHo\u00e0ng Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 tham gia vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean s\u1eafc.  Tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 trong thi ca, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3m nguy v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m trong gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edt g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm \u1edf An Nam h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Trung Hoa. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Trung Hoa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c vai c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i An Nam ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 n\u1eef di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0169 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nh\u00ecn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m trong b\u1eadc thang x\u00e3 h\u00f4i, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb khinh mi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef An Nam kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o th\u00f3i h\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 dung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 chu\u1ed1c cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb \u1ea5y b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft con th\u00ec c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u00f2 h\u1ecfi tin t\u1ee9c c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng l\u1eabn nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 qu\u00e1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ng\u1ed3i \u0103n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng, ngay d\u00f9 trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi, hay trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tham d\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u00f4ng khai n\u00e0o. Trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, nghi th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111i xem h\u00e1t, l\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t; tuy nhi\u00ean, gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t quan l\u1ea1i An Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. Tr\u1eeb khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n hay c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sinh n\u1edf, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee1 (c\u00f4 m\u1ee5).  M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u1ed1m \u0111au kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 xem m\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 ngay khi \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u00f3t m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi l\u00e0n da c\u1ee7a n\u1eef b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam, m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u0103m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf l\u1edbn lao c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 An Nam c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong cung c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn cho b\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i; khi nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee5c b\u00f3 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1eaft c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Trung Hoa ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 An Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p bi\u1ebft bao so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Gia \u0111\u00ecnh An Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu t\u1ee5c th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.  T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 minh ch\u1ee9ng.  <strong>N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc d\u00e2n An Nam v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gio-o.com\/NgoBacGMVassal.htm\" target=\"_blank\">(Ng\u00f4 B\u1eafc d\u1ecbch)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<p>Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u1ecb tr\u00ed D\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh trung d\u0169ng kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft, tr\u1ecdng ngh\u0129a khinh t\u00e0i, d\u1eabu ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Giai nh\u00e2n m\u1ef9 n\u1eef l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng gi\u00e0u sang, cao th\u1ecd, kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. H\u1ecd s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, tin vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0: b\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ng\u1ecdc, b\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ed9ng (t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef sang tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0), b\u00e0 H\u1ecfa Tinh, b\u00e0 Th\u1ee7y Long, c\u00f4 H\u1ed3ng, c\u00f4 H\u1ea1nh v.v... t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u theo h\u00e0o \u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ebb Ly v\u1eady. L\u1ea1i th\u1edd th\u1ea7n T\u00e1o qu\u00e2n (\u00d4ng T\u00e1o), \u1edf 2 b\u00ean v\u1ebd 2 h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u1ebd 1 h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ebb Ly H\u1ecfa c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 hai h\u00e0o d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t h\u00e0o \u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed - Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian sau l\u00fac thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e9p B\u00ecnh l\u1ec7. L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n d\u1eabn s\u00e1ch Trung Hoa, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed1i \u0111u\u00f4i nhau v\u1edbi c\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1edbn bay su\u1ed1t hai th\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Qu\u1ef3nh (H\u1ea3i Nam) \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u1ec9\u201d r\u1ed3i suy ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u201cv\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n th\u00f3c k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n, v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1eb9p ru\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d V\u00e0 n\u0103m x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec7n \u201cti\u1ec1n bay\u201d th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a: 1699. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u201ctay tr\u1eafng b\u1ed7ng n\u00ean gi\u00e0u to\u201d. S\u1eed ghi c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1702, 1703 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i phi\u00eau t\u00e1n, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf m\u00e1, lao d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1708 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thuy\u1ebft, \u201cB\u00e0 B\u1ed5i\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u0103m 1703 \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m, d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i m\u00e0 cho vay l\u1ea5y l\u00e3i c\u00f9ng b\u00e1n th\u00f3c \u201cmua\u201d ru\u1ed9ng!<\/p>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n k\u1ec3 ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p: huy\u1ec7n, (h\u01b0\u01a1ng) c\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng d\u00e2ng vua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp kho ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00f3c thu ho\u1ea1ch. \u00d4ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Quan (Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u danh nh\u1edd t\u1ea5m bia (1738) t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u201cb\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u201cB\u00e0\u201d n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ea7n t\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca t\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0 B\u00e0 B\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong bia 1720 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, ch\u00ed th\u00fa l\u00e0m \u0103n\u201d th\u00ec tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(\u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong - T\u1ea1 Ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00ecn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc B\u00e0i d\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII, trong quy\u1ec3n On &amp; Off Duty in Annam c\u1ee7a Gabrielle M. Vassal, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n n\u0103m 1910. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, theo ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 qu\u00e2n y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p sang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Pasteur \u1edf Nha Trang h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p An Nam, c\u00f3 nh\u1eadt k\u1ef3 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n B\u1ed9 D\u00e2n Lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 th\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng. Lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d; nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 An Nam khi l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i An Nam, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa, h\u00f4n th\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t quan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-suu-tam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4646\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}