{"id":2982,"date":"2010-01-11T22:16:56","date_gmt":"2010-01-11T15:16:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lamthien.byethost24.com\/?p=2982"},"modified":"2010-01-11T22:16:56","modified_gmt":"2010-01-11T15:16:56","slug":"1984","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=2982","title":{"rendered":"1984"},"content":{"rendered":"
[flickr]photo:4267058116[\/flickr]<\/span><\/div>\n

Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a (s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1eady), tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch, Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n, hi\u1ebfm ai \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea7y \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7. Tr\u1ebb con kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y cho b\u1ea7y ch\u1ee7 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd qu\u1eadt roi v\u00e0o ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang \u0103n u\u1ed1ng g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0i m\u1ea9u b\u00e1nh m\u00ec kh\u00f4 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 kinh kh\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 to l\u1edbn tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u \u1edf v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng ba ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd m\u1eadp m\u1ea1p x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd \u0111anh \u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00ecnh \u1edf trang b\u00ean. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u1eafn m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c \u0111en d\u00e0i k\u00eau l\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u0169 b\u00f3ng l\u1ea1 h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi k\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u0169 cao th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n m\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. D\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, m\u1ecdi x\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu ai kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00e0o t\u00f9, ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i kh\u00fam n\u00fam, c\u00fai ch\u00e0o, b\u1ecf m\u0169 v\u00e0 x\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u1eafn ta: \"Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i\". K\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vua v\u00e0 \u2014<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng anh thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1nh \u00e1o m\u1ecfng, nh\u1eefng quan t\u00f2a trong \u00e1o l\u00f4ng ch\u1ed3n tr\u1eafng, c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t b\u00eau t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef, c\u00e1i c\u1ed1i xay k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, c\u00e1i roi ch\u00edn \u0111u\u00f4i, b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c m\u1eebng Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c h\u00f4n ch\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong s\u00e1ch d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb con. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ng\u1ee7 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i ? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 trung b\u00ecnh ra, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng. Ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t anh, linh gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. Anh b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7t hay b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, v\u1ed9 v\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn quanh, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 tu\u00f4n ra t\u1eeb m\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, l\u1eebng ch\u1eebng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 lo toan nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t, l\u00e0 tranh gi\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong t\u00e0u h\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 v\u00e1 l\u1ea1i b\u00ed t\u1ea5t c\u0169 r\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 xin x\u1ecf m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tinh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng do \u0110\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec to t\u00e1t, kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi \u2014 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c qu\u00e1i g\u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi kinh h\u1ed3n \u2014, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 nhau, h\u00f4 h\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2014 ba tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb, trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu \u0103n l\u00ea qua l\u00ea l\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i gi\u1ea7y th\u1ee7ng l\u1ed7 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 v\u00e1 v\u00edu x\u00e2y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn h\u00f4i m\u00f9i rau c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed3ng x\u00ed th\u1ed1i. Anh h\u00ecnh dung c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c, v\u00e0 l\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Parsons, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nh\u0103n nheo v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u00f3c r\u1ed1i tung, \u0111ang lo\u00e1y ho\u00e1y s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Anh l\u1ea1i c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00eam ng\u00e0y m\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u00f3i tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9c \u0103n h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o h\u01a1n, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed hay h\u01a1n \u2014 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00edt gi\u1edd h\u01a1n, cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, m\u1eadp m\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1n, th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01a1n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0110\u1ea3ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay 40% d\u00e2n \u0111en \u0111\u1ee9ng tu\u1ed5i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc: tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng, theo \u0110\u1ea3ng, con s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 15%. \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb con t\u1eed vong l\u00e0 160\/1000 trong khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 300\/1000 \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1edbi hai \u1ea9n s\u1ed1. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o trong s\u00e1ch s\u1eed, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t. Theo ch\u1ed7 anh bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u0169 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u0169 cao th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 san b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng, s\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u00fd h\u1ec7 Anh X\u00e3 hay Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Anh. N\u0103m 1984 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai d\u00f9ng Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft hay b\u00e0i v\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn trong Th\u1eddi B\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i. Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong s\u1ebd t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf Ng\u00f4n C\u0169 (hay Anh Ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi n\u00f3) v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2050. Trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i n\u00f3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00f4n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1984 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m trong T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9 Ch\u00edn v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 M\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb th\u1eeba v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf sau n\u00e0y. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, g\u1ed3m trong b\u1ed9 T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9 M\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n sinh quan v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n tinh th\u1ea7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Anh X\u00e3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 khi Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n C\u0169 b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o \u2014 t\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Anh X\u00e3 \u2014 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u00fd ngh\u0129 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eef. Ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1t sao di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf b\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khai tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra t\u1eeb m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n dung n\u1ea1p, c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o, xa ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5. T\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \"Con ch\u00f3 n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eadn\", \"C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i\". N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo ngh\u0129a \"t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\" hay \"t\u1ef1 do tinh th\u1ea7n\" nh\u01b0 c\u0169 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u1eady t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau t\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 thu g\u1ecdn t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mi\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n c\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft x\u00e9n s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Anh ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi, tuy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh ng\u00e0y nay. T\u1eeb Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m ba h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng A, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng B (c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1eeb k\u00e9p) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng C. Gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u00e0n ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1ng, song c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau c\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh cho t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng A, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 ba h\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng chung quy t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng A.<\/strong> T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng A bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u2014 nh\u01b0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u thang, \u0111i xe, l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn, th\u1ed5i n\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u2014 ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1, ch\u1ea1y, ch\u00f3, c\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0, ru\u1ed9ng \u2014 nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng Anh ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u00edt, trong khi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ti\u1ec5u tr\u1eeb. Trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ed5i, m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng A ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m ng\u1eaft di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng A v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu \u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb n\u00e0o trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu hay khi) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, danh t\u1eeb, t\u0129nh t\u1ef1 hay ph\u00f3 t\u1eeb. Gi\u1eefa h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb hay danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu hai t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u00fd ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m danh t\u1eeb l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y: c\u00f3 khi danh t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef. Ngay trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p danh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t trong hai t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1eef t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ee7 trong \u0111\u1ed9ng danh t\u1eeb dao. T\u0129nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u1edd g\u1eafn ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng danh t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u1eeb nh\u1edd g\u1eafn ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"nhanh\", v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng\". M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u0129nh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1t, to, l\u1edbn, \u0111en, m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u00ednh \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1edd th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng danh t\u1eeb. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1eb5n ch\u1eef c\u00e1ch: ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1eef gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb g\u00ec \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi \u2014 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edd g\u1eafn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1 h\u01a1n, hay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1 b\u1ed9i h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Cho n\u00ean t\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"\u1ea5m\", trong khi l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh b\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 \"r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh\" v\u00e0 \"h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ea1nh\". C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 trong Anh ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u1edd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau, tr\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1edbi, v.v. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt l\u1edbn lao t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u1eeb x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m \u2014 c\u00f2n hay h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u2014 b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 hai t\u1eeb h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean b\u1ecf t\u1eeb n\u00e0o. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i t\u00f9y s\u1edb th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u theo c\u00f9ng quy t\u1eafc. Cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3. Nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ed1n, v\u1eeba, t\u1eebng, vv. \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. M\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u b\u1edfi ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng, m\u1ecdi, vv. \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb. C\u00e1c t\u0129nh t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed9i, g\u1ea5p, v\u01b0\u1ee3t, b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang qui c\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7, t\u0129nh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u00e0y theo quy t\u1eafc c\u0169, tr\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u00e0 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t \u0111i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00ec m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1eeb s\u1ebd. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ng\u1eef xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i cho nhanh cho d\u1ec5. T\u1eeb n\u00e0o kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m, b\u1ecb coi t\u1ee9c th\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u1edf: th\u00e0nh th\u1eed th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb h\u00e0i \u00e2m, c\u00f3 ch\u1eef th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb hay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. Nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ea5y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 h\u01a1n trong quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng B. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i quy cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sau trong ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng B.<\/strong> T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng B bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eb1m \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ean k\u1ebb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Anh X\u00e3, kh\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra Ng\u00f4n C\u0169 hay c\u1ea3 ra t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng A, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i s\u1eafc th\u00e1i. T\u1eeb B l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u1eddi t\u1ed1c k\u00fd, hay t\u00f3m c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1t \u00fd v\u00e0o v\u00e0i \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb B bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb k\u00e9p. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m hai ba t\u1eeb, hay ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb, g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng danh t\u1eeb, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch theo quy t\u1eafc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 \"ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\", hay l\u00e0 \"ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\" n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. Bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u0111\u1ed9ng danh t\u1eeb, \u00fd t\u1ed1t; th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd t\u1ed1t; \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111ang \u00fd t\u1ed1t; t\u0129nh t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd t\u1ed1t; ph\u00f3 t\u1eeb, c\u00e1ch \u00fd t\u1ed1t; danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebb \u00fd t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb B kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n theo m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong t\u1eeb t\u1ed9i \u00fd (t\u1ed9i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng), ch\u1eef \u00fd \u0111i sau, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u00f4i; v\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft trong t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh \u00fd (c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng). V\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec h\u00e0i \u00e2m, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang quy t\u1eafc trong ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng B h\u01a1n trong ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng A. T\u1ef7 d\u1ee5, d\u1ea1ng t\u0129nh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Th\u1eadt, B\u1ed9 B\u00ecnh, B\u1ed9 Y\u00eau \u0111\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Th\u1eadt, c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 B\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y\u00eau, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y B\u1ed9 Th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea7y B\u1ed9 B\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea7y B\u1ed9 Y\u00eau nghe h\u01a1i k\u1ef3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u1ecdi t\u1eeb B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u1eeb B c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi B\u00e1o nh\u01b0 K\u1ebb \u00fd c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m Anh X\u00e3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch g\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t ra Ng\u00f4n C\u0169 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh: \"Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u1ea5p \u1ee7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Anh.\" Nh\u01b0ng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1eb3n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm tr\u1ecdn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u v\u0103n Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi tr\u00edch tr\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 Anh X\u00e3. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt th\u00f4ng Anh X\u00e3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb b\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra ng\u00e0y nay; hay hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u00fd c\u0169, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 suy \u0111\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i t\u1eeb Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ecf ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ea3 tr\u00e0ng t\u1eeb nay, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf v\u00e0 qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. N\u1ed7i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam t\u1eeb m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sau khi ch\u1ebf ra n\u00f3; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb n\u00f3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do, nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng sau khi c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 dung \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb. V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. V\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u00f9m g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u1ea5y \u0111i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb t\u1eadp quanh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 do c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9p trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb t\u1ed9i \u00fd, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb t\u1eadp quanh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 duy l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb \u00fd c\u0169. Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n s\u1ebd nguy hi\u1ec3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i x\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd th\u1edd \"h\u01b0 th\u1ea7n\". H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Baal, Osiris, Moloch, Ashtaroth hay g\u00ec kh\u00e1c; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft \u00edt, c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t cho l\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft Jehovah v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Jehovah: cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \"h\u01b0 th\u1ea7n\". C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u01b0 x\u1eed \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ec7ch b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n khu\u00f4n theo hai t\u1eeb Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi t\u1ed9i d\u1ee5c (sinh d\u1ee5c v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n) v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t (trinh ti\u1ebft). T\u1ed9i d\u1ee5c g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u xa v\u1ec1 sinh d\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 bao tr\u00f9m s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m, ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 giao c\u1ea5u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch giao c\u1ea5u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi m\u1ed9t, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 nhau, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed. Trong ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng C g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n n\u00eau danh v\u00e0i h\u00e0nh vi lo\u1ea1n d\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t \u2014 t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 giao c\u1ea5u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh con, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00fa nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u00f3: m\u1ecdi tr\u00f2 sinh d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i d\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi kh\u00f3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o: xa h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00e0o trong ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng B trung t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb l\u00e0 uy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1i vui (tr\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 sai) hay B\u1ed9 B\u00ecnh (B\u1ed9 H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 Chi\u1ebfn Tranh) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n \u00fd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 am hi\u1ec3u mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ban cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \"t\u1ed1t\" khi \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \"x\u1ea5u\" khi mang g\u1eafn cho qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb tho\u1ea1t coi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef t\u1eaft, c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u00fd h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 do l\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng B. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, hay c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n t\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb; t\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u1eadt \u00edt \u00e2m song v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt, C\u1ee5c V\u0103n Kh\u1ed1, n\u01a1i Winston l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ee5c Kh\u1ed1, C\u1ee5c So\u1ea1n Truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ee5c Truy\u1ec7n, C\u1ee5c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh V\u00f4 Tuy\u1ebfn Truy\u1ec1n H\u00ecnh l\u00e0 C\u1ee5c Tr\u00ecnh H\u00ecnh v.v... Ph\u00e9p th\u00e2u t\u1eaft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00ec gi\u1edd. Ngay th\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 Nazi (Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3), Gestapo (Ki\u1ec3m C\u1ea3nh), Comintern (C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf), Inprecorr (Li\u00ean L\u1ea1c Vi\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n Phong Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf ?), Agitprop (Khu\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ed9ng Tuy\u00ean Truy\u1ec1n). Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng trong Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i khi m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb th\u00e2u h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111a s\u1ed1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ebd b\u00e1m v\u00e0o n\u00f3. T\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf, v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, C\u00e1c M\u00e1c, C\u00f4ng X\u00e3 Ba L\u00ea. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb C\u1ed9ng T\u1ebf (Comintern) ch\u1ec9 g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf. C\u1ed9ng T\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1t ra kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129, trong khi C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea7n l\u1eefa \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 B\u1ed9 Th\u1eadt \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho th\u00f3i v\u1eafn t\u1eaft m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cho t\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb. Trong Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e2u th\u00fac \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, lu\u1eadt h\u00e0i \u00e2m th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. Qui t\u1eafc v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb hy sinh cho n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m nhanh, l\u1ea1i g\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng vang trong \u00f3c k\u1ebb th\u1ed1t ra ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng B c\u00f2n th\u00eam hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u1ea5y \u2014 \u00fd t\u1ed1t, B\u1ed9 B\u00ecnh, d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n, t\u1ed9i d\u1ee5c, tr\u1ea1i vui, Anh X\u00e3, b\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3nh \u00fd v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u2014 g\u1ed3m hai ho\u1eb7c ba \u00e2m, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh chia \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n hi\u1ebfu th\u1eafng, t\u1ebb ng\u1eaft, ngay \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eadt gi\u1ecdng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eafm. D\u1ee5ng \u00fd l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn l\u1eddi v\u0103n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng trung t\u00ednh tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u00fd h\u1ec7, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd hay ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tu\u00f4n ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec s\u00fang li\u00ean thanh x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1n. S\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdi th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh ch\u00e1t :Di v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ec1 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n Anh X\u00e3, gi\u00fap cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. So v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi eo h\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m thu g\u1ecdn n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi kh\u00e1c c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1i m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng ra. M\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i, v\u00ec t\u1ea7m ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e0ng h\u1eb9p, l\u00f2ng r\u1eafp rem suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e0ng m\u00f2n. :Dt c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u \u00e2m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00ednh l\u00edu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu th\u1ea7n kinh cao c\u1ea3. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong t\u1eeb Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi n\u00f3i v\u1ecbt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"n\u00f3i qu\u1eb7c qu\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 v\u1ecbt\". Nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c trong ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng B, n\u00f3i v\u1ecbt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4i chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Mi\u1ec5n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1eb7c ra l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m g\u00ec h\u01a1n \u00fd khen ng\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 khi Th\u1eddi B\u00e1o nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb n\u00f3i v\u1ecbt t\u1ed1t b\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u00fd ban m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khen \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1, n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng C.<\/strong> T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng C b\u1ed5 sung hai t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean v\u00e0 to\u00e0n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, song nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u1eaft khe v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t h\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. Ch\u00fang theo c\u00f9ng qui t\u1eafc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c hai t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng kia. R\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1eeb C \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong v\u0103n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y hay v\u0103n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tra c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n ch\u00fat kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ghi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1eeb chung cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n tinh th\u1ea7n, hay m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 \"Khoa h\u1ecdc\", m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 do t\u1eeb Anh X\u00e3 bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n


\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfu theo tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1t ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0 ng\u00f4n th\u1eadt t\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi b\u00e1ng b\u1ed5. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng B\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o tai k\u1ebb ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m t\u00ednh phi l\u00fd hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 n\u00e0o, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Anh X\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t k\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau n\u00ean nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 b\u00edt b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng nh\u00f3m t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft. Th\u1ef1c ra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0i t\u1eeb sang Ng\u00f4n C\u0169. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f3c hung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Ng\u00f4n C\u0169. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sai v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sai ngoa d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y \u2014 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1 nhau, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2n nhau, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c nhau. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, cho n\u00ean ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kh\u1eed tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng nhau. N\u0103m 1984, khi Ng\u00f4n C\u0169 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i nguy k\u1ebb d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u00f4i c\u0169ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i sau hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ngay c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn kia c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi l\u00e0m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng nhau c\u00f3 th\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \"b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\", hay bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n\", ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u1edd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 xe. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u2014 s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u00edt d\u1ea7n, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i suy gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi Ng\u00f4n C\u0169 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf h\u1eb3n, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea9u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n C\u0169, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc. Nay mai, d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i hay d\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n Ng\u00f4n C\u0169 sang Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi tr\u1eeb phi n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng (t\u1eeb Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd t\u1ed1t). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 1960 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. <\/em>V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch theo \u00fd h\u1ec7 \u2014 t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn l\u1eddi. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n danh ti\u1ebfng tr\u00edch t\u1eeb B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i coi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean: R\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra ai c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng ai, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf ban cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 di nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n sinh s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. R\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c Ch\u00ednh Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, r\u00fat quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb cai tr\u1ecb. R\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i khi m\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00ean, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh Quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi...<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y sang Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t \u00fd nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 gom c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n trong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb t\u1ed9i \u00fd. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tr\u1ecdng \u00fd h\u1ec7, theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Jefferson bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t uy t\u00edn, n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Anh X\u00e3. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n h\u00e0o nh\u01b0 Shakespeare, Milton, Swift, Byron, Dickens, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3: m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng mong g\u00ec l\u00e0m xong tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ng\u00f4n M\u1edbi ch\u00f3t c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y r\u1ea5t xa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n

1984<\/strong> - George Orwell<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[flickr]photo:4267058116[\/flickr] Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a (s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1eady), tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch, Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n, hi\u1ebfm ai \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea7y \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7. Tr\u1ebb con kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y cho b\u1ea7y ch\u1ee7 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd qu\u1eadt roi v\u00e0o ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang \u0103n u\u1ed1ng g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0i m\u1ea9u b\u00e1nh m\u00ec kh\u00f4 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 kinh kh\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 to l\u1edbn tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u \u1edf v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng ba ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd m\u1eadp m\u1ea1p x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd \u0111anh \u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00ecnh \u1edf trang b\u00ean. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u1eafn m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c \u0111en d\u00e0i k\u00eau l\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u0169 b\u00f3ng l\u1ea1 h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi k\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u0169 cao th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-suu-tam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2982"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2982\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}