{"id":1601,"date":"2009-11-20T08:20:03","date_gmt":"2009-11-20T01:20:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lamthien.byethost24.com\/?p=1601"},"modified":"2014-12-05T20:19:25","modified_gmt":"2014-12-05T13:19:25","slug":"a-voyage-to-cochinchina-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=1601","title":{"rendered":"A voyage to Cochinchina – 04"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1790 m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Nam H\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1800, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng 2 n\u0103m y\u00ean b\u00ecnh, 1797 v\u00e0 1798, v\u00e0 2 n\u0103m n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Adran, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 ti\u00ean tri, ng\u00e0i ta h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i h\u1ed9t \u1edf Fen-tan (Ch\u0103m-pa trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3), m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t. \u00d4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng cau v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. \u00d4ng treo th\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m, khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1eafc \u00edn, nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y. \u00d4ng cho \u0111\u00fac h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang h\u1ecfa mai, m\u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 m\u1edf l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n kim. \u00d4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng trung \u0111o\u00e0n, m\u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00fang v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. Adran \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e2n. Trong 2 n\u0103m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 300 thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9a s\u00fang v\u00e0 ghe chi\u1ebfn 2 t\u1ea7ng, 5 t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn 3 t\u1ea7ng theo m\u1eabu m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00d4ng khi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t qu\u00fd \u00f4ng Anh qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1800, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 1200 thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3m, r\u0103m r\u1eafp tu\u00e2n theo v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1ed5 neo v\u00e0 xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng xu\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i s\u00f4ng theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, trong 3 nh\u00f3m chia c\u00e1ch, d\u00e0n h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u l\u1ec7nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t ra, th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian y\u00ean b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb ch\u00faa d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng b\u00e3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y v\u1eabn mi\u00eau t\u1ea3. \u00d4ng gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. \u00d4ng m\u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eedi con \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 4 tu\u1ed5i, d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u00d4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng; x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc qua s\u00f4ng; \u0111\u1ec3 phao c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng. \u00d4ng g\u1eedi c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda T\u00e2y v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c,\u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Mi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t man d\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong n\u00fai n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi China khinh mi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111u\u00f4i\", d\u00f9 trong m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 vua Peter c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 vua Alfred b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 10 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb 1 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n 1200 t\u00e0u, v\u00e0 3 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ch\u1eebng 20 t\u00e0u l\u1edbn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu China, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u0169 trang, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00e0u l\u1edbn tr\u00ed s\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u00d4ng nghe n\u00f3i l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 q\u00fay tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n h\u01a1n ch\u00faa t\u1ec3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea7y m\u01b0u ch\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1eafn r\u1ecfi; \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1ee5c hay l\u1ea3ng tr\u00e1nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. C\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd thi h\u00e0nh. Trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. L\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ee7 l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi quan t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n, \u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1edb t\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con h\u1ecd; n\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, hay c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho ch\u00fang khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, n\u00f3i chung, t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft trong m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1. \u00d4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 cao nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c \u0111i s\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u0129 quan n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1eddi. \u00d4ng c\u1edfi m\u1edf b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nho gi\u00e1o, h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb9 (v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n. \u00d4ng th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c danh gia China, v\u00e0 qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u00e1ck khoa c\u1ee7a Adran, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u00f4ng mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha c\u0169, t\u1ef1 tay r\u00e3 n\u00f3 ra nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh, t\u1eebng t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n m\u1ed9t, r\u1ed3i gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1eebng x\u00e0, t\u1eebng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 con t\u00e0u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m t\u00e0i n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 kho ch\u1ee9a, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u l\u1edbn, ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u n\u00e0o l\u1ecdt kh\u1ecfi m\u1eaft \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec7nh \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn quan s\u00e1t n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. V\u00e0o l\u00fac 6 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf d\u1eady, t\u1eafm n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh. V\u00e0o l\u00fac 7 gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a 1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n: th\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft, m\u1ed7i l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 k\u00fd ghi l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng t\u1edbi kho h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, xem x\u00e9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi \u00f4ng v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, \u0111i quanh v\u1ecbnh, thanh tra t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn kho ph\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi k\u00edch c\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n nhau.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb 12 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng \u0103n tr\u01b0a t\u1ea1i X\u01b0\u1edfng thuy\u1ec1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1. \u0110\u1ebfn 2 gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf d\u1eady, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng b\u1ed9, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 hay m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong ng\u00e0y g\u1ee3i ra. \u00d4ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0103n t\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1eebng 1 gi\u1edd, \u0111i ng\u1ee7 l\u00fac ch\u1eebng 2 hay 3 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng 6 gi\u1edd trong 24 ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u China, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ed3n n\u00e0o, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh 1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecbt r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, g\u1ea1o, rau v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 1 chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i China, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng khoe, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh q\u00fay t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Minh, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u0103n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng cho v\u1ee3 hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng b\u00e0n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1799, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi China, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u sai; nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ghen t\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o, hay \u00fd mu\u1ed1n xua \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n th\u0103m th\u00fa b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n, tham quan th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

V\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu: da \u00f4ng \u1eedng \u0111\u1ecf, ch\u00e1y n\u1eafng v\u00ec ph\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y (1806), \u00f4ng s\u1eafp b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i 50.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1eb3n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng tin l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi Anh qu\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng c\u00f4ng khai ra s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t. Khi 1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n Anh t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1 h\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00fd th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng cho Barizy c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 1 nh\u00f3m qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e0u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 t\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng kinh ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n, hay nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Macao.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi\u00ean s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa sau hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng may t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngai v\u00e0ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3ng man r\u1ee3. M\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 run r\u1ea9y v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gi\u1eadn d\u1eef trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y. B\u1ecb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ecfi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i phi\u00eau b\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb lang thang l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng, so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tay \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Adran, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft trong n\u0103m 1800, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o s\u0129 n\u00e0y. V\u1ecb ch\u00faa, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, y\u00eau \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u1eadt ri\u00eang: Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, sau khi thi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh thi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o l\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e0. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u00ean s\u0129 quan Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. L\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho v\u1ecb ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a con trai \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng ta g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ghen t\u1ef5 trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Chi\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng; v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u1ee5c khi k\u00fd th\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 th\u00e1i t\u1eed cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean; v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e1i t\u1eed tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, theo Nho gi\u00e1o. Trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1ecb ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u00e1c b\u1ecf chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00e0 hy sinh t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh, c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 an \u1ee7i cho v\u1ecb ch\u00faa nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y phi\u00eau b\u1ea1t. Trong b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9a con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Adran. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau th\u1ea7y. C\u1eadu ta c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00ed d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea9n d\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con th\u1ee9 hai, th\u00e1i t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho ngai v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u1eadu ta l\u00e0m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ed m\u1eadt cho cha m\u00ecnh 3 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 5 n\u0103m gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ea1 s\u0129 quan, tham gia nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn. N\u0103m 1800, c\u1eadu ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ch\u1eebng 3,5 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi; trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eadu ta c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, ch\u00e9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 9000 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 voi v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00faa Nam H\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Barizy ghi l\u1ea1i, trong n\u0103m 1800 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24 \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef5 binh<\/td>\n6000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n voi (200 con)<\/td>\n8000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1o<\/td>\n15,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25 trung \u0111\u1ed9i, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i 1200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n theo chu\u1ea9n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u)<\/td>\n30,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ed9 binh trang b\u1ecb s\u00fang h\u1ecfa mai, l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00ea v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/td>\n42,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/td>\n12,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n113,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u1ee3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng<\/td>\n8000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1i t\u00e0u t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n8000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/td>\n1200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn<\/td>\n1600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c ghe chi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n26,800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n139,800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc; nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, hay m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, hay ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 ch\u1ee5p c\u00f3 tua m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i, \u00e1o kho\u00e1c ch\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u00e1o ng\u1eafn, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng China. Chung nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n qu\u1ea5n quanh \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng hao hao chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n x\u1ebfp, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng d\u00e0i c\u00f3 2 t\u00fai, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a 1 chi\u1ebfn binh, nh\u01b0 1 b\u1ee9c tranh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ra, cung c\u1ea5p 1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng may m\u1eafn r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebb b\u1ecb h\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua tai \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, trong v\u00f2ng 10 hay 12 n\u0103m, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gh\u00e9p ch\u00fang v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc H\u00e0, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Vua c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e0. Nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua China quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i Nam, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. Nghe n\u00f3i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec1 v\u1edbi tr\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh q\u1ee7a chinh ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y, trong khi tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn 10 n\u0103m, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 1 \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n 1200 t\u00e0u v\u0169 trang, vua Louis XVI \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh? V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 n\u00f4n n\u00f3ng th\u1eed v\u1eadn may tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1790 m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Nam H\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1800, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng 2 n\u0103m y\u00ean b\u00ecnh, 1797 v\u00e0 1798, v\u00e0 2 n\u0103m n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Adran, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 ti\u00ean tri, ng\u00e0i ta h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i h\u1ed9t \u1edf Fen-tan (Ch\u0103m-pa trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3), m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t. \u00d4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng cau v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. \u00d4ng treo th\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m, khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1eafc \u00edn, nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y. \u00d4ng cho \u0111\u00fac h\u00e0ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,42],"tags":[102,108,103,105],"class_list":["post-1601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dich","category-voyage-to-cochinchina","tag-cochinchina","tag-dich","tag-mien-nam","tag-the-ky-18"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1601"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}