{"id":1547,"date":"2009-11-19T13:27:37","date_gmt":"2009-11-19T06:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lamthien.byethost24.com\/?p=1547"},"modified":"2017-11-25T23:33:03","modified_gmt":"2017-11-25T16:33:03","slug":"a-voyage-to-conchichina-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/?p=1547","title":{"rendered":"A voyage to Cochinchina – 01"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Sir John Barrow<\/strong> vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1802-1803.<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft \u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed t\u1eed di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu quy ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u1ede Hu\u1ebf, Quang Trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u00e2u khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng ta li\u1ec1n gi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u1ecb China ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n


\n<\/em><\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG IX - COCHINCHINA<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd - B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng - Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 - Ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e0 - M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 K\u1ebb gi\u1ebft vua - Chinh ph\u1ee5c B\u1eafc H\u00e0 - T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng China - S\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e0 - Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng - Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Adran mang con trai v\u1ecb ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn Paris - Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 vua Louis XVI - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n - B\u1ecb Madame de Vienne \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i - S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ch\u00faa h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 Nam H\u00e0 - Nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n - T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng - S\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c d' Adran - N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u00f4ng - B\u1ed9 binh v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 binh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/small><\/em><\/center><\/p>\n


\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 \u1edf trong v\u00f9ng c\u1eadn x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y l\u00e2u h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i vui m\u1eebng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Sumatra...<\/p>\n

(T\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh)<\/p>\n

Khi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf trong b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf trong qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o C\u00f4n L\u00f4n (Pulo Condore trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n - ch\u00fa th\u00edch), \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean n\u00fai, b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng kho ch\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau c\u1eeda nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 van xin ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi trong kinh th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1, l\u1ea5y \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng tha cho h\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nhanh ch\u00f3ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi h\u01a1n n\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng t\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, c\u00f2n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, g\u1ed3m 20 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 3-400 ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m, l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch. \"V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c L\u00e0o, Cambodia, Xi\u00eam La, Nam H\u00e0 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0 (Conchichina and Tung-quin - nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n)\", Mr Pinkerton n\u00f3i, \"l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.\" V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n sau c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 ph\u00f9 du hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Anh qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

China h\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam kho\u1ea3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 20, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lan ra ph\u00eda Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u1ed9 9 c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. 13 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Nam, chia c\u00e1ch Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (Birman - nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n) kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c B\u1eafc H\u00e0, Nam H\u00e0, Cambodia, Xi\u00eam La. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb B\u1eafc H\u00e0 (Barrow vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y). Ba ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 An Nam, b\u1ecb chia th\u00e0nh 3 khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u1eb1m t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c Nam nh\u00ecn ra v\u1ecbnh Xi\u00eam La v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 9, \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng qua v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 12, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai (Don-nai - nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n). Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 15, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh (Chang - nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n). Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17, n\u01a1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c B\u1eafc H\u00e0, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Hu\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai (Cambodia trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o t\u1edbi 40 d\u1eb7m, n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (Sai-gong - nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n) c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed9t qu\u00fd \u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e1i chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn China, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khung c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef3 v\u0129 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Con s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i nh\u00e1nh l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n l\u00ean qu\u00e1 2 d\u1eb7m, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1 d\u1eb7m. Tuy v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u khi v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh c\u00e2y th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 h\u00f4ng thuy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1 x\u00e1t v\u00e0o b\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam t\u1eeb v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 13'50 l\u00e0 v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Chin-cheu, c\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e0u l\u1edbn c\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc cao, v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1eafn ngang l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed1i ra. \u0110\u1ea7u b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Quy Nh\u01a1n (Quin-nong - nb).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c Hu\u1ebf, c\u0169ng mang t\u00ean n\u00e0y, c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1edd m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a thuy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1t ch\u1eafn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda Nam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00e0 v\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i An (Han-san - nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n), hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (Turon - nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n), c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 16'7 B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb C\u00f4n L\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24-5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eafn l\u1ed1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 cu\u1ed1n bu\u1ed3m ch\u00e8o \u0111i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p gi\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng l\u00e3o s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n. M\u1eaft \u00f4ng ta tr\u0169ng v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng ta mang m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n c\u0169, h\u1ed1c h\u00e1c, nh\u0103n nh\u00fam; m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c th\u00f2 ra t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n c\u0169 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n bao quanh \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng ta. \u00c1o \u00f4ng ta m\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng 12 m\u00e0u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau, qu\u1ea7n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p khi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng cao. Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u00e0u, \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn s\u00e0n t\u00e0u, r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u1ef3 s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eadt kh\u00f3c. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u00f4ng ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean t\u00e0u: v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1. Gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh trong ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1edfi s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 l\u00e2y \u1edf Batavia, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n, l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng sau khi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \u1edf C\u00f4n L\u00f4n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3, b\u1edbi thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha n\u1eb1m trong c\u1ea3ng, r\u1eb1ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, bi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i - tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau m\u1ecdi hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf \u0111ang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00e0 \u0111i sang Macao trong ng\u00e0y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng, l\u1eabn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Manuel Duome. V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n thuy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean b\u1edd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0i con g\u00e0, c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i, r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai, tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i cao, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n th\u0103m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u; v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0y 4 hay 5, m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra: \u0110\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 tin d\u1ea7n, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Manuel Duome che gi\u1ea5u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u00f4n B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha n\u00e0y, v\u00ec ghen t\u1ee9c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i nghi ho\u1eb7c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng ta. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng trong c\u1ea3 30 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y; v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng hay h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

PH\u00c1C TH\u1ea2O L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec C\u1ee6A NAM H\u00c0 HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng, vua c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ee9 35 (1774 l\u1ecbch C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o), khi \u00f4ng 50 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Quy Nh\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e0 (Quin-nong). Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi 3 anh em. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m \u0103n l\u1edbn v\u1edbi China v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai t\u00ean Long Nh\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y tu. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 vua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m quy ph\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean quan cao nh\u1ea5t trong tri\u1ec1u. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. S\u1ef1 c\u1eaft x\u00e9n thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf nh\u00e0 vua, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tay h\u1ecd b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i y\u00eau th\u00edch sau khi h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 vua. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, 2 v\u1ea1n d\u00e2n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u01b0\u01a1m. K\u1ebft \u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed t\u1eed di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu quy ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed xa x\u1ec9, m\u0169, ph\u00e1o hoa; t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh ph\u1ec9nh ph\u1edd qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i; c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tu thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin v\u00e0o tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ef1 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edf h\u1eefu 2 v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Chi\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai; Long Nh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi B\u1eafc H\u00e0, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em \u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y tu t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1eb7t em m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. Long Nh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng ta l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi vua B\u1eafc H\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a China. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc H\u00e0, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi China, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh phi\u00eau l\u01b0u. Nh\u00e0 vua thua ngay sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1edbi B\u1eafc Kinh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a China. C\u00e0n Long, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan, tin r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi B\u1eafc H\u00e0. V\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng ta ra l\u1ec7nh cho vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u d\u1eabn 10 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111i. Long Nh\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1edd c\u00e1c gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh ph\u00e1 n\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 \u0111i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh hoang m\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n China, l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 B\u1eafc H\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n quay l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb, vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng khi\u00eau kh\u00edch \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n China khi r\u00fat \u0111i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n, \u0111ao ki\u1ebfm - v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 50 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o. B\u1ecb tr\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i khi c\u00e1ch xa Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m, vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. Long Nh\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb chinh ph\u1ee5c, cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i B\u1eafc H\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00fd tr\u1eddi, s\u1ebd gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. R\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 20 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf B\u1eafc h\u00e0 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n Nam H\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u cho \u00f4ng ta. R\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Long Nh\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u Quang Trung, vua c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 2 mi\u1ec1n Nam H\u00e0 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111ang tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng ta li\u1ec1n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u00f4ng ta \u0111ang to\u00e0n th\u1eafng. \u00d4ng ta ca ng\u1ee3i k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho h\u1eafn ta th\u00e0nh vua B\u1eafc H\u00e0. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Quang Trung n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh B\u1eafc Kinh giam gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 1 con tin, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00f4i vua c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc H\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 China, chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. Coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i cho tr\u1eadn thua c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc H\u00e0, nh\u01b0 Federigo c\u1ee7a Naples khi t\u1ea1o h\u1ed3 Anjou b\u1edfi vua Louis XII, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngai v\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi m\u1eddi Quang Trung \u0111\u1ebfn China \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i. Vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3. \u00d4ng ta li\u1ec1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng tin c\u1ea9n \u0111i thay. Vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y t\u1edbi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 China nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, vua c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc h\u00e0 v\u00e0 Nam H\u00e0. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nghi l\u1ec5, qu\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, danh hi\u1ec7u cho ng\u00f4i vua c\u1ee7a Nam B\u1eafc h\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a China. \u1ede Hu\u1ebf, Quang Trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u00e2u khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng ta li\u1ec1n gi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u1ecb China ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra n\u0103m 1789.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi China v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5y, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n v\u00ec b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sai. Khi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft \u00e1n, khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng, khi \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eafng thay \u0111en, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00fai d\u00e2y. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1eedi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 g\u00ec khi tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1eadt t\u1ea9y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Sir John Barrow vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1802-1803. K\u1ebft \u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed t\u1eed di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu quy ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u1ede Hu\u1ebf, Quang Trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u00e2u khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng ta li\u1ec1n gi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u1ecb China ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra. CH\u01af\u01a0NG IX – COCHINCHINA V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd – B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng – Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 – Ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e0 – M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 K\u1ebb gi\u1ebft vua – Chinh ph\u1ee5c B\u1eafc H\u00e0 – T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng China – S\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e0 – Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,42],"tags":[102,108,103,105],"class_list":["post-1547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dich","category-voyage-to-cochinchina","tag-cochinchina","tag-dich","tag-mien-nam","tag-the-ky-18"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1547"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1547\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truongan.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}